a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: palaeoflood Sinai rainfall–runoff model boulder transport flash floods The Wadi Isla drainage basin, a narrow steep bedrock canyon and its tributaries, rises near the highest elevations of the Precambrian Sinai massif on the eastern margin of the tectonically active Gulf of Suez rift. The basin area upstream from the mountain front is 191 km 2 and downstream the ...