OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge and community perceptions of breastfeeding in Western Australia using a factor analysis approach. METHODS Data were pooled from five Nutrition Monitoring Survey Series which included information on breastfeeding from 4,802 Western Australian adults aged 18-64 years. Tetrachoric factor analysis was conducted for data reduction ...

OBJECTIVES To verify reported construction of 22 385 household latrines in 2004, after community mobilization, as part of a trachoma control programme in one district of Amhara, Ethiopia, and to explore characteristics of early latrine adopters and non-adopters. METHODS We used a two-stage cluster sample survey design to randomly select eight sub-districts and 160 households listed as having ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of preoperative comorbidity status (defined by the Deyo index) on hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs for shoulder arthroplasty patients. METHODS The overall mean hospital mortality and postoperative complication rates, and length of hospital stay and hospital costs stratified by the Deyo score were compar...

INTRODUCTION Participation in early-phase HIV cure studies includes clinical risks with little to no likelihood of clinical benefit. Examining the willingness of people living with HIV to participate is important to guide study design and informed consent. Our study examined the overall willingness of people living with HIV to participate in HIV cure research in the US, focusing on perceived ri...

Although exercising with others may have extra health benefits compared to exercising alone, few studies have examined the differences. We sought to examine whether the association of regular exercise to subjective health status differs according to whether people exercise alone and/or with others, adjusting for frequency of exercise. The study was based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation S...

one of the fundamental issues in the ethics of medical researches is cost-benefit assessment which consists a main part of related codes. this article is aimed to propose a model for ethical assessment of researches with judgment about their costs and benefits. after reviewing related materials and our experiences and discussions with experts, we proposed a model for ethical assessment of costs...

13 T he Declaration of Helsinki and other national and international regulations oblige Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to weigh the risks of medical research against its benefits, and to assess the ratio between the two. In the Netherlands, the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO) states that a review committee may only approve a research study when " it is reasonable to expe...

the study on gender and net farm income of cassava-based farmers under individual land tenure system was done in abia state of nigeria. the main objective was to determine the net farm income (nfi) and the benefit cost ratio (bcr) of the cassava farmers by gender vis-aviz their income levels as well as food security in the state. a multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted while data we...