National census data show that the modern demographic transition—the recent trend toward declining mortality and fertility—is well underway in most countries. A different picture emerges when data from small-scale societies in unindustrialized parts of the world are considered. Many of these small-scale societies are also adapting to rapid changes in their subsistence economies. In this article...

Abstract This study uses the 2006 and 2016 East Asian Social Surveys to map value changes related second demographic transition in mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan. The examines trends attitudes towards cohabitation, childrearing, divorce over a 10-year period four societies. findings suggest that transition, if any Asia, is an uneven process between societies, China stands out as onl...

Grandparental presence is known to correlate with the number of grandchildren born, and this effect may vary according to grandparental sex and lineage. However, existing studies of grandparental effects on fertility mostly concern traditional subsistence societies, while evidence from contemporary developed societies is both scarce and mixed. Here, we explore how grandparents affect the transi...

The mechanism by which bi-and trivalent cations affect human liver phosphatidatephosphohydrolase (PAP) activity was investigated. Bivalent cations up to 1 mM increased PAP activity whereas at higher concentrations the activity of the enzyme decreased. The stimulatory concentration for trivalent cations such as Al3+ and Cr3+, however, was much lower being 2 m M and 1 m M, respectively. All catio...

Social security system currently faces a number of difficulties arising of changes in the demographic structure of societies, like the decrease in fertility, lengthening of life expectancy, and unfavorable change in the proportion of the population receiving retirement benefits to the population in working age. In result, social security systems are being subjected to transition aimed at securi...