Photon diffractive dissociation, γp → Xp, has been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using ep interactions where the virtuality Q of the exchanged photon is smaller than 0.02 GeV. The squared four-momentum t exchanged at the proton vertex was determined in the range 0.073 < |t| < 0.40 GeV by measuring the scattered proton in the ZEUS Leading Proton Spectrometer. In the photon-proton centre...

The introduction of real-time PCR assays to the clinical microbiology laboratory has led to significant improvements in the diagnosis of infectious disease. There has been an explosion of interest in this technique since its introduction and several hundred reports have been published describing applications in clinical bacteriology, parasitology and virology. There are few areas of clinical mi...

MICHAEL HUNTER and SIMON SCHAFFER (eds), Robert Hooke. new studies, Woodbridge, Suffolk, Boydell Press, 1989, 8vo, pp. x, 310, illus., £39.50. The studies under review are new in that they come from a conference on Hooke that took place in 1987. Recency does not guarantee freshness, however, and, with a few exceptions, the studies only, though competently, add epicycles to the known world of Re...

Measurements of transverse energy flow are presented for neutral current deep-inelastic scattering events produced in positron-proton collisions at HERA. The kinematic range covers squared momentum transfers Q from 3.2 to 2 200 GeV, the Bjorken scaling variable x from 8 · 10−5 to 0.11 and the hadronic mass W from 66 to 233 GeV. The transverse energy flow is measured in the hadronic centre of ma...

The triple-differential dijet cross-section, , is measured with the H1 detector at HERA as a function of the photon virtuality , the fraction of the photon’s momentum carried by the parton entering the hard scattering, , and the square of the mean transverse energy, , of the two highest jets. Jets are found using a longitudinal boost-invariant clustering algorithm in the !#"%$ center of mass fr...

•Nicotine injection activates or inhibits distinct VTA dopaminergic subpopulations•NAc-projecting neurons are excited by nicotine, and their activation is reinforcing•Amygdala-projecting inhibited silencing anxiogenic•Nicotine-mediated anxiety prevented activating VTA-amygdala DA Nicotine stimulates dopamine (DA) of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to establish maintain reinforcement. also indu...

The reaction is studied with the H1 detector at HERA. The data cover momentum transfers between and and correspond to an integrated luminosity of "!$# %'&)(+* . The differential cross section ,'-/.0,1 is compared to the Standard Model expectation for neutral current scattering and analysed to search for 2 3 452 3 6 6 4 contact interactions. No evidence for new phenomena is observed. The results...

The development of fluorescent methods for a closed tube polymerase chain reaction has greatly simplified the process of quantification. Current approaches use fluorescent probes that interact with the amplification products during the PCR to allow kinetic measurements of product accumulation. These probe methods include generic approaches to DNA quantification such as fluorescent DNA binding d...

Letter identification is a critical front end of the reading process. In general, conceptualizations of the identification process have emphasized arbitrary sets of distinctive features. However, a richer view of letter processing incorporates principles from the field of type design, including an emphasis on uniformities across letters within a font. The importance of uniformities is supported...

We measured under-ice thermal stratification from before ice-on through after ice-off in Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, a large, deep, north temperate lake, using a high-frequency monitoring buoy in the winter season of 2007–2008 to quantify how lake thermal stratification varies throughout the under-ice season. We examined potential drivers of variation in under-ice stability, identified diel-sc...