Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual di...

INTRODUCTION Empathy is an essential trait for pharmacists and is recognized as a core competency that can be developed in the classroom. There is a growing body of data regarding levels of empathy in pharmacy students; however, these studies have not measured differences in behavioral, cognitive, and emotional empathy. The goal of this study was to parse the underlying components of empathy an...

The problem of path generation for the autonomous vehicle in environments with infinite number obstacles is considered. Generally, the problem is known in the literature as the path planning. This chapter treated that problem using the algorithm, named MKBC, which is based on the behavioral cloning and Kohonen rule. In the behavioral cloning, the system learns from control traces of a human ope...

In a past study it was determined that a nurse scientist and an urologist were able to prevent incontinence in women through teaching strategies in a group setting. This study determined that the same knowledge could be taught by an experienced nurse practitioner and an experienced urology nurse.

BACKGROUND Many studies have reported significant behavioral impact of physical activity interventions. However, few have examined changes in potential mediators of change preceding behavioral changes, resulting in a lack of information concerning how the intervention worked. Our purpose was to examine mediation effects of changes in psychosocial variables on changes in physical activity in typ...

Abstract Operant extinction has substantial evidence to support its effectiveness across a variety of populations and behaviors. However, procedures may be less-preferred by learners, caregivers, other community stakeholders, the staff implementing them. In current study, we evaluated “kind extinction” procedural modification, in which provided functionally arbitrary reinforcer form genuine pos...

The purpose of this study was to explore growth following the experience stressors and compare experiences elite athletes who exhibit higher lower levels growth. Six (five female one male) participated in a semi-structured interview. Three reported experiencing levels, three Interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed that understanding self, development athletic identity, social support ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous research suggests that attention bias toward threat contributes to the development and maintenance of anxiety. The current study extends this work by mapping the neural correlates of experimentally-induced changes in attention bias. The study examines both behavioral and psychophysiological changes associated with experimentally-induced changes in threat bias....

Tests of murine higher order cognition are important in order to fully explore the effects of genetic alterations and potential therapies in models of human mental retardation and other deficits of intellect. In this study, inbred and F1 hybrid strains of mice were assessed in a five odor sequence task previously described for rats which employs buried food rewards. Data are provided indicating...

Body mass index (BMI) has a strong genetic basis, with a heritability around 0.75, but is also influenced by numerous behavioral and environmental factors. Aspects of the built environment (e.g., environmental walkability) are hypothesized to influence obesity by directly affecting BMI, by facilitating or inhibiting behaviors such as physical activity that are related to BMI, or by suppressing ...