BACKGROUND Mutations in the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor-suppressor gene have been identified in not only NF2-related tumors but also sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS). This study investigated the genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumors and blood from 30 Korean patients with sporadic VS and correlated these alterations with tumor behavior. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS NF2 ge...

In this report, we present a clinical case of chronic aortic valve endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis small-colony variants (SCVs), with ensuing characterization of the SCV phenotype in comparison to the clonally related normal phenotype with respect to alterations in microscopic and ultrastructural morphology, growth behavior, and metabolic pathways. In contrast to the normal phenoty...

Background Abnormalities of neurodegenerative disease are not only involved in individual brain regions but also characterized by the alterations a balance connectomes. Graph theory is novel approach to examine However, clinical relevance white matter connectome changes behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) well understood. Methods In this study, we used DTI image data from 24 pati...

Background & Aims: Alopecia areata is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the hair follicles. The condition most commonly presents with the sudden appearance of non-scarring discrete patches of alopecia on the scalp. Due to being an autoimmune disease, alopecia areata is observed in concomitantly with other diseases. In some studies, ocular alterations were surveyed in these patients. ...

Objective(s): Stress alters sensory and cognitive function in humans and animals. Angiotensin (AT) receptors have demonstrated well-established interactions in sets of physiological phenomena. AT1 receptors can play a part in stress-induced activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; besides angiotensinergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in stress-evoked physiological resp...

Aggression can present as a significant problem behavior in individuals with a diagnosis of developmental disability. Much research has focused on the prevalence of aggression in individuals with varying degrees of severity of intellectual disability (AD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and co-morbidity of ID and ASD. Research has also focused on the impact of aggressive behavior on individual...

The interaction between two metals, which can be either synergistic or antagonistic, implies that the behavior of one is changed by the presence of the other. Possible mechanisms of these interactions, which include chemical association, competition for carriers, metabolic changes, induction of binding proteins, membrane alterations are discussed.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impaired communication, social impairments, and restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. Recently, altered motivation and reward processes have been suggested to participate in the physiopathology of ASDs, and μ-opioid receptors (MORs) have been investigated in relation to social reward due to their involvement in the neural circui...

OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 649 FEATURES OF CHEMOTACTIC BEHAVIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 HOW DO CELLS ACCOMPLISH CHEMOTAXIS? .................................................

Introduction: Sub-chronic swim stress is known to induce a prolonged hyperalgesia, which is mediated through NMDA and opioid systems. Nitric oxide is a soluble gas, which acts as a retrograde messenger that modulates the release of mentioned neurotransmitters. It is also involved in nociception and memory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of NO pathway in nociception and memory...