there are many reports of serious problems of dust storm events in the western parts of iran. based on many researches, iraq is one of the main sources of dust storms in western parts of iran. the radial basis function network (rbfn) model has been used to assess wind erosion hazard in iraq as a main source area of dust storms over several western cities of iran. the percentage of vegetation is...

In spite of its significance for everyday and philosophical discourse, the explanatory connective ‘because’ has not received much treatment in the philosophy of logic. The present paper develops a logic for ‘because’ based on systematic connections between ‘because’ and the truthfunctional connectives.

We will argue that this construction combines semantic and syntactic quirks that necessitate a constructional analysis. Further, we will show that specifying the pragmatic properties of the construction (and in particular the presuppositions that introduces) allows for a particularly elegant account of the construction’s distribution. This, in turn, provides further support for the sign-based v...

evaluation of range conditions and plant diversity circumstances can help to rangeland managers who establish their managerial approaches on the basis of ecological capabilities of rangeland ecosystems. hence, surveying of rangelands was done in four sites of northern alborz mt. including western alborz (masooleh site), west to middle alborz (javaherdeh site), central area (polour site), and ea...