It is shown that gravitational waves do not have nonphysical “ghost” states in the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with graviton having nonzero rest mass due to the causality condition. It was shown in [1,2] that, in linearized theory of gravitation, introducing the rest mass of graviton for a field with spins 2 and 0 leads to nonphysical “ghost states” due to spin 0 when interpreting gravit...

Lombardi et al. (Reports, 23 October 2009, p. 585) reported an association between the human gammaretrovirus XMRV and chronic fatigue syndrome. However, their results may be misleading because of various potential sources of bias and confounding. If real, the association may lack generalizability because of the specific characteristics of the cases studied and could be due to reverse causality.

which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Medicine is an imperfect science and practitioners rely on the best evidence available. Even when diagnosis and treatment are guided by standard procedures and protocols, uncertainty is to be expected from time to time. Uncertainty affects patients, physicia...

interest free banking law at 1363 was implemented in the banking system in iran. one of the main goals of this law was eliminating usury from monetary system, and utilization from non-usury credit impact on economic growth through preferring money contribution in the capital. this paper uses data from years 1363 to 1386 and implementing herfindahl-hirschman index, evaluated and ranked concentra...

T he main objective of this paper was the investigation of the impact of the trade openness on economic growth in Pakistan. We have been employed both the Johensen and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Co-integration together with ECM Techniques for the period 1975-2016. The empirical estimated results are the sound evidence that there exists a short...

the increase of greenhouse gases (ghg) in which co2 emissions constitute the principal component, is of major environmental problems of all societies. economic growth impels intensive use of resources and as a result, more residues and wastes thrown in the nature that could lead to environmental degradation. this article tries to trace the eventual relationship between trade openness and enviro...

The concept of dominance poses several dilemmas. First, while entrenched in genetics education, the metaphor of dominance promotes several misconceptions and misleading cultural perspectives. Second, the metaphors of power, prevalence and competition extend into science, shaping assumptions and default concepts. Third, because genetic causality is complex, the simplified concepts of dominance f...

Levels of exposure biomarkers vary among individuals because of differences in both environmental exposure and metabolism. However, the ultimate interest is in providing information about the impact of modifying environmental exposures through regulation or behavior change. Using these levels in studies of pregnancy outcomes, as nicely illustrated by the study of Kadhel et al. in this issue of ...