What is a combinatorial game? The usual definition is a game in which (i) there are two players moving alternately; (ii) there are no chance devices and both players have perfect information; (iii) the rules are such that the game must eventually end; and (iv) there are no draws, and the winner is determined by who moves last. In this section, two master expositors lead us through many examples...

Using data from three waves of Add Health we find that, consistent with theoretical expectations, being very attractive reduces a young adult’s (ages 18-26) propensity for criminal activity and being unattractive increases it. A variety of tests suggest that this result is not likely because beauty is acting as a proxy for socioeconomic status, although we cannot rule out the possibility that s...

“Ugly food” refers to agricultural products that are discarded because their appearance is not attractive, even though nutritional content unaffected. In this study, protection motivation theory (PMT) was applied analyze whether an individual’s awareness of food waste problems affects “ugly purchase intention. Hence, the relationships between problems, threat appraisal (severity and vulnerabili...