introduction: the selection of suitable beam angles and weights in external-beam radiotherapy is at present generally based upon the experience of the planner. therefore, automated selection of beam angles and weights in forward-planned radiotherapy will be beneficial. material and methods: in this work, an efficient method is presented within the matlab environment to investigate how to improv...

Microresonator layouts are synthesized such that their preferred mode of oscillation is well-separated from the higher order in-plane and out-of-plane modes. Building on our previous work, we have incorporated models for four out-of-plane modes. All these modes are modeled as springmass systems. The spring constants and the effective masses of these modes are analytically derived. Synthesis is ...

• A model of locally resonant piezoelectric/elastic phononic crystal double-layer nanobeam is proposed. Band structures with nonlocal effects are calculated by plane wave expansion method. Symmetric and antisymmetric bands divided. Influences various parameters on band discussed. The paper proposed a (LR) (PC) periodically attached “spring-mass” resonator additional spring between upper lower n...

...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 MENA REGION PRE-ARAB ...

beam to column welded connection with radius cut on beam flange is known as rigid connection that provides acceptable ductility for special moment resisting frame (smrf). in order to decrease the cost of construction and to provide an easy-to-construct structure, the new method is available for reducing the beam section based on drilling on beam flange , known as drilled flange connection (dfc)...

Abstract An elastic wave in a physical beam naturally possesses many modes, such as flexural, longitudinal, and torsional. Therefore, suppression of all possible vibration modes has been rarely achieved beam-shaped periodic systems, especially at low frequencies. Here we present low-frequency complete bandgap mechanism by overlapping the flexural with longitudinal-torsional bandgap. To strength...

Spectral attenuation and absorption coefficients of particulate matter and colocated hydrographic measurements were obtained in the Mid-Atlantic Bight during the fall of 1996 and the spring of 1997 as part of the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment. Within the bottom boundary layer (BBL) the magnitude of the beam attenuation decreased and its spectral shape became steeper with distance from th...

Carbon ion radiotherapy at HIMAC started in 1994 using two horizontal and two vertical beam ports with broad beam method. The maximum beam energy extracted from accelerators was 400 MeV/n for the horizontal beam port, and 350 MeV/n for the vertical one. In recent years, the scope of diseases that can be treated by the carbon ion radiotherapy has widened and their tumor targets have varied in di...

Cantilevers fabricated by means of micromachining techniques are usually used for atomic force microscopy. In this paper, the spring constant of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever is determined by using a large-scale cantilever. Since the spring constant of the large-scale cantilever is calibrated accurately, the spring constant of the AFM cantilever is determined precisely by measurin...