Lymphadenitis and abscess formation are the most common side effects of vaccination with Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). The lower the child's age at the time of vaccination, the higher the incidence of BCG lymphadenitis tends to be. Although various therapeutic approaches are in use for the treatment of BCG lymphadenitis, there is no consensus on which of them is optimal. This study aimed to de...

Despite the widespread use of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), TB remains a global epidemic. To assess whether more direct targeting of the lung mucosa by respiratory immunization would enhance the potency and longevity of BCG-induced anti-TB protective immunity, the long-term impact of intranasal (i.n.) BCG vaccination was compared to conventional s...

BACKGROUND WHO recommends BCG at birth and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-containing vaccine at 6, 10 and 14weeks of age. However, BCG and DTP are often co-administered in low-income countries. The health implications have not been examined. SETTING We reanalysed data from Matlab, Bangladesh, to examine the influence of co-administration on mortality; 37,894 children born 1986-1999 were f...

To date, the most promising vaccination strategies for the control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) focus on improving the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). However, vaccination with BCG results in sensitization of animals to bovine tuberculin and compromises tests currently used for diagnosis of bovine TB infection. Thus, the development of specific diagnostic reagents...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of Montanide ISA 720 against BCG and alum as an adjuvant for Leishmania killed vaccine in BALB/c mice. Groups of mice were immunized with either, Baccile Calmette Guerin (BCG), aluminium hydroxide (alum) or Montanide ISA 720 (MISA) with killed Leishmania major (KLM) promastigotes antigen and later, sacrificed or challenged wi...

PURPOSE Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness driven by allergen-specific T helper (Th)2 cells. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has been documented to suppress Th2 responses and allergic airway inflammation in animal models. Since interleukin (IL)-12 is capable of inhibiting Th2 responses, we sought to inves...

Vaccination of neonatal calves with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induces a significant degree of protection against bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with virulent M. bovis. In two independent experiments, we assessed the duration of the protective immunity induced in calves by neonatal vaccination with BCG Danish. Protection from disease was assessed at 12 and 24 m...