This paper aims to investigate the direction of causality between economic growth, energy consumption and trade openness in case of Iran for the period 1967–2012. We apply the newly developed combined cointegration test proposed by Bayer and Hanck (2013). Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is applied to determine the direction of causality between these three variables. The result of Bayer-Ha...

Google Earth (GE) provides very high resolution (VHR) natural-colored (red-green-blue, RGB) images based on commercial spaceborne sensors over worldwide coastal areas. GE is rarely used as a direct data source to address coastal issues despite the tremendous potential of data transferability. This paper describes an inexpensive and easy-to-implement methodology to construct a GE natural-colored...

URh 2 Ge 2 occupies an extraordinary position among the heavy–electron 122– compounds, by exhibiting a previously unidentified form of magnetic correlations at low temperatures, instead of the usual antiferromagnetism. Here we present new results of ac and dc susceptibilities, specific heat and neutron diffraction on single–crystalline as–grown URh 2 Ge 2. These data clearly indicate that cryst...

Weak ferromagnetism of quasi-one-dimensional S = 1/2 antiferromagnet BaCu 2 Ge 2 O 7 is studied by the magnetization measurement. The spontaneous magnetization appears along the b axis below 8.8 K. The local symmetry between the intra-chain nearest neighbor spins allows the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and the only possible spatial configuration of the weak ferromagnetic momen...

We have developed a CMOS image sensor with a novel color filter array (CFA) where one of the green pixels of the Bayer pattern was replaced with a white pixel. A transparent layer has been fabricated on the white pixel instead of a color filter to realize over 95% transmission for visible light with wavelengths of 400-700 nm. Pixel pitch of the device was 3.3 um and the number of pixels was 2 m...

Bayer Pattern Color Filter Arrays (CFAs) are widely used in digital photo and video cameras. Generally these images are corrupted by a signal and exposure dependent quantum noise. An automatic image processing carrying out within camera usually implies a gamma and color corrections and an interpolation. And at the same time the noise in the image becomes non-quantum and spatially correlated. Th...

Juxta-articular nodes (Lutz, 1891; Jeanselme, 1924) have usually been reported from tropical countries where yaws and syphilis are endemic. Kalz and Newton (1943) state that only about 200 cases have been reported from non-tropical regions. In the Scandinavian literature only one report of such nodes (Fex, 1927) has come to our knowledge and we therefore wish to present four cases observed at t...