The performance-based payment structure has been widely used in infrastructure PPP projects. However, existing research absent on the structural unbalance problem of current This study aims to construct an optimal proportion total payment, and then design a for Firstly, definition performance-linked rate is introduced characterize payment. Secondly, based different objectives maximum social ben...

estimation of the conceptual costs in construction projects can be regarded as an important issue in feasibility studies. this estimation has a major impact on the success of construction projects. indeed, this estimation supports the required information that can be employed in cost management and budgeting of these projects. the purpose of this paper is to introduce an intelligent model to im...