introduction: in different investigations, the destructive effect of ultrasonic scalers on the margins of composites has been studied, but there are very few studies on the effects of ultrasonic scalers on the microleakage of poly-acid modified composite resin and resin modified glass ionomers. the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal microleakage of class v preparations rest...

This article presents the first systematic study of the effect of Relative Humidity (RH) on the water content and hydroxide ion conductivity of quaternary ammonium-based Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes (AAEMs). These AAEMs have been developed specifically for application in alkaline membrane fuel cells, where conductivities of >0.01 S cm(-1) are mandatory. When fully hydrated, an ETFE-based r...

It is becoming increasingly clear that the electronic properties of conjugated polymer films are strongly dependent on factors such as the conformation and the degree of aggregation of the polymer strands in the solution from which the film was cast. In this paper, we show how we can take advantage of conjugated ionomers ~conjugated polymers that have been functionalized with side groups that c...