BACKGROUND Our aim was to estimate the burden of fatal disease attributable to excess adiposity in England and Wales in 2003 and 2015 and to explore the sensitivity of the estimates to the assumptions and methods used. METHODS A spreadsheet implementation of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) methodology for continuously distributed exposures was used. For...

Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion is spontaneous multi-site combustion of a nominally premixed air/fuel mixture that exhibits high rate of pressure rise and short combustion duration. To avoid excessive pressure rise rate and knocking, HCCI engines are fueled with highly diluted mixture using a combination of excess air and/or EGR. HCCI combustion is attractive due to ...

Background:  Patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty may develop bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) which is a leading cause of intraoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular changes during cemented hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients.   Methods:  Cemented hip hemiarthroplasty was performed on 72 patients with femoral neck fracture. A...

The excess proton in aqueous media is critical to many aspects of chemistry, biology, and materials science. This species is at the heart of the most elementary of chemical (e.g., acid-base) and biological (e.g., bioenergetics) concepts, yet to this day, it remains mysterious, surprising, and often misunderstood. In this Account, our efforts to describe excess proton solvation and transport thr...

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by a triad of poly/monostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait macules and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies including human growth hormone excess. Acromegaly as a manifestation of endocrine hyperfunction with MAS is uncommon. Surgical excision may be challenging due to the associated severe fibrous dysplasia of the skull base. Through the endoscop...

Abstract This article studies the decentralized adoption of a technology standard when network effects are present. If new is incompatible with current installed base, may be inefficiently delayed. I quantify magnitude “excess inertia” in switch movie distribution and exhibition industries from 35 mm film to digital. specify estimate dynamic game digital hardware by theatres movies supply distr...

We study the optimal policy for a serial inventory system under periodic review when excess demand at the retailer (i.e., the most downstream stage) is lost. We focus on “high service level environments” (i.e., systems where the cost of a lost sale is high compared to inventory holding costs). These environments are typical of products whose margins are high relative to their holding costs. Whe...

Correspondence Fetal blood gas analysis at delivery Sir, In a recent article D'Souza et al.1 note that it is simpler and more convenient to obtain umbilical venous than arterial blood to assess the acid base status of a newborn infant at delivery. They add, however, that sampling arterial blood would be preferable to venous blood as the former reflects more closely the metabolic condition of th...

This multi-author textbook provides a comprehensive understanding of the Stewart approach to acid-base. The book consists of 30 chapters, grouped under three sections. Section 1 is a reproduction of Peter Stewart's original work (9 chapters), section 2 is a detailed primer on quantitative acid-base chemistry (8 chapters), and the third section deals with the clinical applications of the Stewart...