We determined the distribution of macroalgae in Hog Island Bay, a shallow coastal lagoon in Virginia, USA, seasonally at 12 sites from 1998 to 2000 and at 3 representative sites from 2000 to 2002. We analyzed macroalgal biomass, taxonomic richness, and abundance of two non-native species, the cryptic invader Gracilaria vermiculophylla and the conspicuous Codium fragile, with respect to season, ...

Using first-principles total-energy calculations, we have investigated the adsorption and diffusion of Si and Ge adatoms on Ge/ Si(001)-(2 · 8) and Ge/Si(105)-(1 · 2) surfaces. The dimer vacancy lines on Ge/Si(001)-(2 · 8) and the alternate SA and rebonded SB steps on Ge/Si(105)-(1 · 2) are found to strongly influence the adatom kinetics. On Ge/Si(001)-(2 · 8) surface, the fast diffusion path i...

Studies of dune vegetation patterns have emphasized two structuring agents: local environmental gradients that shape the prominent zonation of coastal plant species, and disturbance patches initiated by overwash during coastal storms. For dune systems of two barrier islands in the Georgia Bight, we investigate how the interplay of these two conceptual frames generate patterns in (1) longitudina...

We compared ingress patterns of Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus larvae into Chesapeake Bay, USA, with published ingress patterns through barrier island inlets, the accepted model for larval fish ingress. This model asserts that larvae ingress on night flood tides at the flooddominated side of the inlet and at all depths. At the Chesapeake Bay mouth and in the adjacent coastal waters, w...

Speciation, the process by which two species form from one, involves the development of reproductive isolation of two divergent lineages. Here, we report the establishment and persistence of a reproductively isolated population of Darwin's finches on the small Galápagos Island of Daphne Major in the secondary contact phase of speciation. In 1981, an immigrant medium ground finch (Geospiza forti...

The goal of this paper is to gain a better understanding of long-term interactions between natural processes and human activities, and how protective measures produce long-term, unintended consequences. Protective measures can disrupt natural processes in such a way that can intensify property damages from natural hazards. Current management practices aimed at defending transportation infrastru...

The extent of die-back of the kelp Ecklonia radiata in the Cape Rodney to Okakari Point Marine Reserve. Summary The kelp Ecklonia radiata has undergone high rates of mortality in a region of northeastern New Zealand stretching from Whangarei Heads south to Cape Rodney and east to Great Barrier Island. Die-back of this kelp began in late 1991 and continued up to May 1993, with mortathy of over 9...

The incidence of hybridization between coastal cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) varies widely among populations. The breakdown of reproductive isolation is of concern to managers, and raises the question: how have the two species retained their genetic and morphological divergence? Using a combination of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA markers cou...