The purpose of this paper is to develop an output oriented methodology for calculating productivity growth by using Malmquist productivity index (MPI) and two different data envelopment analysis (DEA) views (optimistic and pessimistic) simultaneously, and apply it to five Iranian Commercial Banks over the four time period (2009-2013). Consequently, we have proposed a new approach called the dou...

radhakrishnan is one of the prominent indian contemporary thinkers. he is under the influence of the vedanta cult; yet there are certain elements of hegelian idealism, whitehead and schleiermacher’s philosophy in his views. vedanta school is the most perfect and most traditional school of philosophy in india that majority of contemporary indian thinkers such as vivekananda, aurobindo, and rabin...

abū l-ḥasan alī ibn al-‘abbās al-majūsī ahvazi (? 930-994 ad), best known as haly abbas in the west, was a 10th century persian physician whose lifetime coincided with the flourishing of medical science in the near east, the islamic medicine golden age, an era extending from the 9th to the 12th centuries ad. haly abbas, in his extant book kāmil al-sinā‘ah al-tibbīyah (the perfect book of the ar...

The crisis of 2007-8 was a crisis of collateral. Since then, financial market participants – particularly in the euro area and the United States – have shown an increased appetite for secured lending. In short-term bank funding markets, there has been a pronounced shift towards repurchase arrangements. And covered bonds have gained in popularity in long-term funding markets. The cyclical flight...

In an increasingly digitalized world, financial institutions have become data hoarders and find it difficult to efficiently exploit and interpret data from various sources. XBRL provides a global standard to exchange financial information. Although XBRL solves the syntactic heterogeneity problem, it doesnt solve the semantic heterogeneity problem when involving multiple taxonomies. In this pape...

this descriptive cross sectional census study identified the perceptions of extension and outreach employees of iowa state university in the united states about job autonomy and control after two years of a major restructuring. employees perceived autonomy and control over expressing views and ideas about their work and spending time on the job but perceived little influence over budget allocat...