Wildfires have always been a part of the history of Mediterranean forests. However, forests are not always certain to regenerate after a wildfire. Whether they do depends on many factors, some of which may be influenced by land management activities. Failure to regenerate will cause a regime shift in the ecosystem, reducing the provision of ecosystem services and ultimately leading to desertifi...

The Israeli government borrows internally and externally, and the Bank of Israel invests the foreign exchanges in various currencies. The borrowing interest rate is generally higher than the lending rate. In addition, the reserves are invested in relatively short-maturity safe assets, while borrowing is for relatively long maturities. This paper studies the structure of the government’s externa...

On financial system, Bank is the most important financial intermediaries in economy. It has played a central role to the entire financial system. The bank’s capital also has played an important role on the bank risk management and governance. This study issued the function of the financial capital adequacy ratio on Bank supervision system. The article establish the multiple regression model ana...

Today’s universities are on the forefront of technological advancement which makes University’s computing environment particularly vulnerable because in contrast to hacking targets like banks and others, college and university computing environments are often large open networks. This paper assessed the security threats evolve specifically in University’s information technology environment; and...

It depends. If volatility fluctuates in a forecastable way, then volatility forecasts are useful for risk management; hence the interest in volatility forecastability in the risk management literature. Volatility forecastability, however, varies with horizon, and different horizons are relevant in different applications. Moreover, existing assessments of volatility forecastability are plagued b...

In an intensifying competition banks are forced to develop and implement enterprise wide integrated risk-return management systems. Financial risks have to be limited and managed from a bank wide portfolio perspective. Risk management rules must be accomplished from internal and regulatory points of view. Expected returns need to be maximized subject to these constraints, leading to a generaliz...