The first positive trend is the slowing of global population growth. There is a significant shift in global fertility that will enable us at least to think about moving to a world of near stable populations within a century, maybe sooner. Fertility in about 40 per cent of the world’s countries is now below the replacement rate. Another 40 per cent are experiencing continued downward movement of...

This paper presents a discussion of coordination properties within populations of geospatially distributed embodied agents. We define two axes: interaction mechanisms and population diversity; and we present a new framework designed for exploring the relationship between values along these axes and the efficiency of solutions for a set of related tasks, e.g., foraging, resource allocation and a...

The majority of the world's population will live in cities in the next few years and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades. While the number of megacities is projected to increase, the largest population growth is expected to be in cities of less than one million people. Such a dramatic demographic shift can be expected to have an impact on popul...

In this paper a mathematical model was developed to study the dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) the in Sudan. To develop this model, the dynamics of the disease between three different populations, human, reservoir and vector populations was considered. The model analysis is done and the equilibrium points are analyzed to establish their stability. The threshold of the disease, the basic ...

Evolutionary game theory is an increasingly important way to model the evolution of biological populations. Many early models were in the form of matrix games, or bimatrix games in asymmetric situations when individuals occupy distinct roles within the contest, where rewards are accrued through independent contests against random members of the population. More recent models have not had the si...

Regional dimensions and trends in population aging: Russia/Eastern Europe Population aging is a global phenomenon and countries of Eastern European also experience rapid increase in the proportion of older people. The proportion of elderly people in the Eastern Europe is currently lower than in the European region as a whole. However this population aging is expected to continue over the next f...

The mechanism behind the growth and development of tumors is intensively studied using several mathematical approaches that rely on linear and non-linear techniques to model the cell population dynamics to better understand the development and progression of cancer. In this paper, we study the progression of a type of malignant tumors characterized by the stem-differentiation hierarchy. Two mai...

background: previous studies have revealed significant differences between populations for genotypic frequencies of glutathione s-transferase t1 ( gstt1 ) and m1 ( gstm1 ) polymorphisms. in order to find the frequency of the null genotypes of gstm1 and gstt1 in iranian populations, the present study was carried out. methods: the total study subjects consisted of 1340 unrelated healthy muslims/i...

conclusions there are few studies on the prevalence of viral hepatitis in the general population of iran. most of the reports are from specific groups of patients. further epidemiologic studies on the general population of iran are recommended to discover the real burden of viral hepatitis. context viral hepatitis is still considered as a major health concern. defining the extent of the burden ...