This paper presents an off-line integrated full ballast to supply a 35 W assembly of Power LEDs. The proposed solution integrates an input PFC stage (a flyback converter operating in DCM) and a DC-DC output converter (a buck converter) into a single switch power stage, operating with peak current control. As it will be shown, this control scheme maintains the current through the load constant, ...

The objective of this study is to improve the heating value of gas produced during gasification of biomass fuels using an indirectly heated gasifier based on latent heat ballasting. The latent heat ballast consists of lithium fluoride salt encased in tubes suspended in the reactor. The lithium fluoride has a melting point that is near the desired gasification temperature. With the ballast a sin...

• A novel lattice model to capture nonlinear ballast behaviour is developed The included in a 2D railway track with transition zone Ballast compaction on its own cannot cause progressive deterioration of the Locations tracks where significant variations properties occur are subject increased deterioration. To successfully mitigate this, mechanisms leading need be understood. this end, work pres...

Approximately three million years ago the Isthmus of Panama formed an impenetrable land barrier between the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean and the tropical western Atlantic Ocean. Since this time, isolated geminate species have evolved from once contiguous populations, either side of the barrier. One such organism whose distribution is divided by the Isthmus is the tropical brittlestar Ophiacti...

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Index words: Ballast water Invasive species Phytoplankton Fluorescein diacetate Algae ...

1 review of the current status of ballast water treatment technologies since 1996 when the National Research Council's Stemming the Tide was published, and major impediments to the implementation of these technologies on a large scale, are presented. In addition, factors that affect implementation of the technologies on ocean-going vessels transiting in the St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lak...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org B invasions, a major and increasing agent of global biodiversity change, are often the result of inadvertent releases from trade and travel pathways (Levine et al. 2003; Ruiz and Carlton 2003; Drake and Lodge 2004). Empirical and theoretical evidence indicate that invasion risk can be decreased by reducing propagule pressure, specif...

This is a review of walking tasks in the railroad environment, and the injuries that result from slips, trips, falls, or other acute or even non-traumatic exposures. The lack of federal regulations for railroad walkways has led several states to develop and enforce their own regulations. Support from the research literature for such regulations has come from biomechanical studies of the effects...

This paper demonstrates a fully-silicided ESD protection device design in sub-100nm integrated circuits. No drain ballast resistor required is the most significant feature that makes the new device differ form the conventional ones. Accordingly, a simplified manufacturing process and a reduced device area could be obtained simultaneously. It is believed that the achievements are caused from the...