efficient knoevenagel condensation of barbituric acid with different aromatic aldehydes on basic alumina was performed in a conventional microwave over in the absence of solvent.

A method for the description of spin-isospin phase transitions in nuclear matter is developed. It aliows a complete description of the pion condensation phase transition in the framework of the Landau-Migdal Fermi liquid theory. The equation of the order Parameter is derived and the condensation energy is calculated. We study the influence of pion condensation on the nuclear equation of state a...

Last years several experiments were performed, which studied the Bose-Einstein condensation of quasi-particles, in particular, magnons in magnetically ordered systems. Recently the Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons was observed at room temperatures in a ferromagnetic film. The theory of the condensation (re-distribution) of magnons under the conditions of pumping, which explains many featur...

Numerous steroids are essential plant, animal, and human hormones. The medical and industrial applications of these hormones require the identification of new synthetic routes, including biotransformations. The metabolic fate of a steroid can be complicated; it may be transformed into a variety of substituted derivatives. This may be because a steroid molecule can adopt several possible orienta...

Oxygenases are useful for the production of many industrially important molecules. Screening of an effluent treatment plant (ETP) sludge metagenomic library identified two clones encoding proteins, B1 and B2, with similarity to putative flavin monooxygenases from Mesorhizobium loti and Sphingomonas wittichi, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences show only 20% identity, but both have a ...

Organic synthetic methodology in the 21st century aims to conform to the principles of green sustainable chemistry (GSC) and we may expect that in the future, the realization of GSC will be an important objective for chemical industries. An important aim of synthetic organic chemistry is to implement waste-free and environmentally-benign industrial processes using Lewis acids as versatile as al...

An artificial ‘minipathway’ starting with oxyfunctionalization of readily available limonene to carveol followed by oxidation to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone via an alcohol dehydrogenase, an enoate reductase for the subsequent reduction of the double bond and concluded by a Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase for the formation of the corresponding lactone is presented. This extension of t...

enantio-3-Hydroxyambrox derivatives were obtained through combined chemical and microbiological methods from ent-12-o×o-13-epi-manoyl oxides. Regioselcctive and stereoselcctive reduction ofthe ¢~bonyl group at C-3 of ent-3,12-dioxo-13-epi-manoyl oxide was card ed out with Baker "s yeast. Regioselcctive acetyl ation of ent-3,12-dihydxoxy-13-epi-manoyl oxide was accomplished with Candida cylindra...