Background—Transforming growth factor-b2 (TGF-b2) is a member of a family of growth factors with the potential to modify multiple processes. Mice deficient in the TGF-b2 gene die around birth and show a variety of defects of different organs, including the heart. Methods and Results—We studied the hearts of TGF-b2–null mouse embryos from 11.5 to 18.5 days of gestation to analyze the types of de...

The 1:1 Cu(II) complexes of bleomycin (BLM) A2, BLM B2, epi-BLM B2, iso-BLM B2, depyruvamide-BLM A2, deglyco-BLM B2 and the structurally related peptides (P-5m, P-3A and P-3) have been comprehensively investigated by ESR and electrochemical methods. ESR spectra for Cu(II) complexes of BLM A2, epi-BLM B2, depyruvamide-BLM A2 and P-3 revealed the axially symmetric g-anisotropies. In contrast, ESR...

Growth of functional arteries is essential for the restoration of blood flow to ischemic organs. Notch signaling regulates arterial differentiation upstream of ephrin-B2 during embryonic development, but its role during postnatal arteriogenesis is unknown. Here, we identify the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1) as an essential regulator of postnatal arteriogenesis. Dll1 expression was specifical...

Growth of functional arteries is essential for the restoration of blood flow to ischemic organs. Notch signaling regulates arterial differentiation upstream of ephrin-B2 during embryonic development, but its role during postnatal arteriogenesis is unknown. Here, we identify the Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1) as an essential regulator of postnatal arteriogenesis. Dll1 expression was specifical...

Kinins exert cardioprotective effects via 2 G-protein-coupled receptors, B1 and B2. Using B1 kinin receptor gene knockout mice (B1-/-), we tested the hypotheses that the B1 receptor plays an important role in preservation of cardiac function, whereas lack of B1 may accelerate cardiac remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction, and that B2 receptors may compensate for lack of B1, whe...

Our previous studies have detailed a novel facilitative UT-B urea transporter isoform, bUT-B2. Despite the existence of mouse and human orthologs, the functional characteristics of UT-B2 remain undefined. In this report, we produced a stable MDCK cell line that expressed bUT-B2 protein and investigated the transepithelial urea flux across cultured cell monolayers. We observed a large basal urea...

The development of central nervous system synapses requires precise coordination between presynaptic and postsynaptic components. The EphB family controls postsynaptic development by interacting with glutamate receptors and regulating dendritic filopodia motility, but how EphBs induce the formation of presynaptic specializations is less well understood. Here, we show that knockdown of presynapt...

INTRODUCTION Sixty years ago Sidon [7] asked, in the course of some investigations of Fourier series, for a sequence a1 < a2... for which the sums ai + aj are all distinct and for which ak tends to infinity as slowly as possible. Sidon called these sequences, B2 sequences. The greedly algorithm gives ak ¿ k and this was the best result until Atjai, Komlos and Szemeredi [1] found a B2 sequence s...

Cerebellar granule cell progenitors proliferate postnatally in the upper part of the external granule cell layer (EGL) of the cerebellum. Postmitotic granule cells differentiate and migrate, tangentially in the EGL and then radially through the molecular and Purkinje cell layers. The molecular control of the transition between proliferation and differentiation in cerebellar granule cells is poo...

n = b + a, a ≤ b, a, b ∈ A. n = b + a, a < b, a, b ∈ A. n = b− a, a < b, a, b ∈ A. We say that a sequence of integers A belongs to the class of B2[g] sequences if r(n) ≤ g for any integer n. To find B2[g] sequences as dense as possible is a standard problem in additive number theory ([2],[5],[6],[7]). We define F (N, g) = max{|A|, A ⊂ [1, N ], A ∈ B2[g]}. One is interested in finding precise bo...