In this paper we propose a strategy for generating consistent hierarchical T–meshes which allow local refinement and offer a way to obtain spline basis functions with highest order smoothness incrementally. We describe the required ordering of line–segments during refinement and the construction of spline basis functions. We give our strategy for generating consistent hierarchical T–meshes over...

In this paper we introduce a numerical approach that solves optimal control problems (OCPs) using collocation methods. This approach is based upon B-spline functions. The derivative matrices between any two families of B-spline functions are utilized to reduce the solution of OCPs to the solution of nonlinear optimization problems. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical findings.

Collocation methods are popular in providing numerical approximations to complicated governing equations owing to their simplicity in implementation. However, point collocation methods have limitations regarding accuracy and have been modified upon with the application of B-spline approximations. The present study reports the stress and deformation behavior of shear deformable functionally grad...

In spline regression models, the smoothness of the tted model depends on the knots via their location and how many knots there are. An alternative to knot selection is to keep all the knots, but to restrict their in uence on the tted model, that is, to constrain the values of these coe cients which correspond to the spline basis functions. For example, we can bound the squared L2 norm by some c...

We describe a method for computing a continuous time estimate of tracer density using list mode PET data. The rate function in each voxel is modeled as an inhomogeneous Poisson process whose rate function can be represented using a cubic B-spline basis. The rate functions are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of the arrival times of detected photon pairs over the control vertices of the sp...

Image encryption is one of most useful way of securing image data. Traditional data security algorithms are also used over images but due to the bulkiness of image data they are not useful. Chaotic sequences play a very good role in image cryptographic system, due to their high sensitivity to initial condition and other properties. In this paper, B-spline functions of first three orders are stu...

Three types of spherical splines are presented as developed in the recent literature on constructive approximation, with a particular view towards global (and local) geopotential modeling. These are the tensor-product splines formed from polynomial and trigonometric B-splines, the spherical splines constructed from radial basis functions, and the spherical splines based on homogeneous Bernstein...

A Fuzzy logic system has been shown to be able to arbitrarily approximate any nonlinear function and has been successfully applied to system modelling. The functional rule fuzzy system enables the input-output relation of the fuzzy logic system to be analysed. B-spline basis functions have many desirable numerical properties and as such can be used as membership functions of fuzzy system. This ...

The comprehensive numerical study has been made here for the solution of One dimensional heat equation the Finite Element method is adopted for the solution with B-spline basis function the important finding of the present study is to understand the basics behind the FEM method while the B-spline basis function come into the picture here the solution is made using Quadratic B-spline and Cubic B...

We provide an overview of spline and wavelet techniques with an emphasis on applications in pattern recognition. The presentation is divided in three parts. In the first one, we argue that the spline representation is ideally suited for all processing tasks that require a continuous model of the underlying signals or images. We show that most forms of spline fitting (interpolation, least-square...