BACKGROUND Breast cancer represented 35.1% of total female cancer cases in Egypt. Seroma is one of the most serious and common complications of mastectomy and axillary dissection with incidence between 15 and 81%. Seroma formation delays wound healing and increases susceptibility to infection, skin flap necrosis, and persistent pain as well as prolonging convalescence. Therefore, several techni...

BACKGROUND The current management of the axilla in level 1 node-positive breast cancer patients is axillary lymph node dissection regardless of the status of the level 2 axillary lymph nodes. The goal of this study was to develop a nomogram predicting the probability of level 2 axillary lymph node metastasis (L-2-ALNM) in patients with level 1 axillary node-positive breast cancer. MATERIALS A...

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is now accepted as the initial approach for women with early stage breast cancer with clinically node-negative disease. We performed a pooled analysis of trials comparing axillary lymph node dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early stage breast cancer and pathologically negative sentinel lymph node analysis. A systematic MEDLINE review identifie...

Lymphedema of the arm is the most common and impairing complication after breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Our prospective study evaluated the effect of two different surgical techniques for ALND on postoperative morbidity. Patients were scheduled to undergo ALND. Patients in group 1 (n = 17) underwent the most common and standard technique of ALND, which uses s...

The axillary arch can be described as an anomalous muscular slip of latissimus dorsi muscle. In this paper, a rare case of bilateral axillary arch is reported during routine dissection of the axillary region of a 57-year old male cadaver. On both sides, the axillary arch muscle took origin from latissimus dorsi and teres major, and passed upwards through the posterior cord of the brachial plexu...

OBJECTIVE The rising incidence of melanoma and the high prevalence of breast cancer have generated a new scientific problem-how do the regional lymph node basins function after radical lymphadenectomy and are lymphatic drainage patterns altered after radical lymphadenectomy? Furthermore, after radical lymphadenectomy, selective sentinel lymphadenectomy is still a technically feasible and valid ...

Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a validated staging technique for breast carcinoma. Some women are exposed to have a second SLNB due to breast cancer recurrence or a second neoplasia (breast or other). Due to modified anatomy, it has been claimed that previous axillary surgery represents a contra-indication to SLNB. Our objective was to analyse the literature to assess if a seco...

BACKGROUND The object of this study was to examine whether a new protocol including step-sectioning and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of axillary sentinel nodes (SN) would lead to detection of more metastases in patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-nine tumor free sentinel lymph nodes were examined. Step frozen sectioning was performed on formalin fixed SN and staine...

Sentinel node analysis represents a significant advance in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive breast cancer. The traditional crude method of full axillary dissection for assessing the status of the axillary nodes can now be discarded in favor of the much more elegant and modern approach of minimally invasive sentinel node analysis and its attendant elimination of the morbidity of tradition...