OBJECTIVE To establish anatomical parameters for the axillary nerve by measuring the distances to the acromion and the deltopectoral access, and to ascertain whether there are any differences in comparative measurements between the left and right sides. METHOD An anatomical study on the path of the axillary nerve was conducted by dissecting 30 shoulders of 20 fresh adult cadavers. For compara...

BACKGROUND While lymph node metastasis is among the strongest predictors of disease-free and overall survival for patients with breast cancer, the immunological nature of tumor-draining lymph nodes is often ignored, and may provide additional prognostic information on clinical outcome. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed immunohistochemical analysis of 47 sentinel and 104 axillary (nonsentinel)...

variations in the origin of axillary artery branches are common. but, distinctly abnormal course of its posterior circumflex humeral branch is rare. we are reporting a case of posterior circumflex humeral artery (pcha) originating from the axillary artery, passing through lower triangular space to reach the scapular region where it accompanied the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral...

A novel artificial sweat composition, Skin Community Interaction simulation, designed to mimic the human axillary sweat, was compared to other artificial sweat compositions. Axillary microbiota grown in the novel composition closely resembled the original community. Volatile organic compound analysis showed good correlations with in vivo axillary (mal)odor components.

Background: Due to the current trends towards replacing axillary dissection with radiotherapy, the need for more precise definition for different nodal stations becomes a must to ensure safe and adequate dose coverage. So, our study aimed to evaluate the coverage of axillary nodal volumes based on Project on Cancer of the Breast (PROCAB) guidelines, for cases previously treated with our standar...

background: modified radical mastectomy (mrm), as a surgical treatment in breast cancer patients, may lead to important complications with significant morbidities including seroma formation. in this study, we used topical phenytoin to evaluate its impact on breast and axillary wound drainage and seroma formation after mrm. methods: in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, patients with br...

introduction: breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of death in women. it is essential to have the highest level of confidence in axillary staging assessment. many surgeons and pathologists believe that fewer lymph nodes are present in axillary dissection specimens of women treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the lym...

During routine dissection of an approximately 50-year-old male cadaver for the undergraduate medical students at Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, we came across a variation in branching pattern of right axillary artery. The second part of axillary artery gave rise to a common trunk which divided into the subscapular and lateral thoracic arteries. The third part of ri...

Axillary artery access for demanding interventions in newborns is rarely described, in spite of the many clear advantages. This access route in newborns with critical congenital heart disease is a real alternative to the more commonly used femoral or carotid artery routes. In brief, axillary access is an attractive alternative approach in newborns with complex heart diseases. It is advisable to...