The purpose of the study is to evaluate variations in the forces and moments applied to both the axillary (armpit) pad and handgrip of standard axillary crutches. The modified axillary pad was tapered in the front rather than symmetric and the modified handgrip was angled to about 17° rather than horizontal. The crutches used could be fitted with the standard or novel versions of both the axill...

positive axillary lymph node on positron emission tomography/computed tomography in a thymoma patient with a tattoo. A 42-year old woman presented with a mediastinal tumour and left axillary lymphadenopathy (Fig. 1), 24 years after tattooing (Fig. 2). Thymectomy and diagnostic biopsy of the left axillary lymph nodes were performed. Histopathology showed a type A, Masaoka stage I thymoma, and re...

BACKGROUND We performed this meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of axillary dissection in old women. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched and all randomized controlled trials of axillary dissection in old women (at least 60 years old) were considered. Meta-analyses were completed using RevMan5.1. RESULTS Thre...

Methods From 1995 to 1998, 435 patients over 45 year old with breast cancer up to 1.2 cm and clinically uninvolved axilla were randomized in two arms: 214 to conservative surgery without axillary dissection and 221 to conservative surgery without axillary dissection plus axillary radiotherapy. Our Breast Unit participated in the study with 25 patients. Results After a median follow up of 63 mon...

Symptomatic axillary nerve compression can result in debilitating pain and weakness that can result in decreased athletic performance. If a trial of nonoperative treatment is not successful, surgical intervention may be required. Open surgical techniques have provided satisfactory outcomes in small cohorts of patients. Recent advancements in surgical technique have provided the ability to perfo...

AIM To assess the diagnostic value of pre-surgery axillary ultrasound for nodal staging in patients with primary breast cancer and to identify clinical/histopathological factors impacting diagnostic performance. STUDY DESIGN Single-center, retrospective chart analysis. We assessed sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of clinical examination as well as axillary ...

BACKGROUND The target volume for postoperative breast irradiation is the remaining breast tissue, and the axillary region is not an intentional target volume. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 2001 and 2009, eligible women with pT1-2cN0/pN0(sn) breast cancer underwent breast-conserving therapy without axillary dissection. Treatment outcomes between 2 radiotherapy planning groups, high tangent fiel...

BACKGROUND Oral opioid analgesics have been used for management of peri- and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing axillary dissection. The axillary region is a difficult zone to block and does not have a specific regional anesthesia technique published that offers its adequate blockade. METHODS After institutional review board approval, anatomic and radiological studies were conduct...

The axillary arch can be described as an anomalous muscular slip of latissimus dorsi muscle. In this paper, a rare case of bilateral axillary arch is reported during routine dissection of the axillary region of a 57-year old male cadaver. On both sides, the axillary arch muscle took origin from latissimus dorsi and teres major, and passed upwards through the posterior cord of the brachial plexu...