The capacity for phenotypic evolution is dependent upon complex webs of functional interactions that connect genotype and phenotype. Wrinkly spreader (WS) genotypes arise repeatedly during the course of a model Pseudomonas adaptive radiation. Previous work showed that the evolution of WS variation was explained in part by spontaneous mutations in wspF, a component of the Wsp-signaling module, b...

Spectral confocal microscope visualizations of microsphere movement in unsaturated porous media showed that attachment at the Air Water Solid (AWS) interface was an important retention mechanism. These visualizations can aid in resolving the functional form of retention rates of colloids at the AWS interface. In this study, soil adsorption isotherm equations were adapted by replacing the chemic...

Abstract In this article, we focus on the scholarly and policy debate autonomous weapon systems (AWS) particularly objections to use of these weapons which rest jus ad bellum principles proportionality last resort. Both idea that AWS may increase incidence war by reducing costs for going (proportionality) or providing a propagandistic value (last resort). We argue whilst offer pressing concerns...

Leaf maturation from initiation to senescence is a phenological event of plants that results from the influences of temperature and water availability on physiological activities during a life cycle. Detection of newly grown leaves (NGL) is therefore useful for the diagnosis of tree growth, tree stress, and even climatic change. This paper applies Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM), which is...

AIMS Animal studies suggest that in alcohol withdrawal the balance of neurotransmitters gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate is altered. To test this in humans, we aimed to measure plasma levels of glutamate, GABA and glutamate/GABA ratio in alcoholic patients presenting with complicated AWS with the same values in non-alcohol abuser/dependent controls and to determine prognostic factor...

Stuttering is a disorder of speech production whose origins have been traced to the central nervous system. One of the factors that may underlie stuttering is aberrant neural miscommunication within the speech motor network. It is thus argued that disfluency (any interruption in the forward flow of speech) in adults who stutter (AWS) could be associated with anomalous cortical dynamics. Aberran...

Aim Microclimate information is often crucial for understanding ecological patterns and processes, including under climate change, but typically absent from biogeographic studies owing to difficulties in obtaining microclimate data. Recent advances modelling, however, suggest that conditions can now be predicted anywhere at any time using hybrid physically empirically based models. Here, we tes...

Although the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol – Revised (CIWA-Ar) is a gold standard tool clinical evaluation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), systematic analysis using total scores CIWA-Ar as means an objective follow-up course and treatment AWS missing. The aims present study were to systematically evaluate scientific data CIWA-Ar, reveal whether aggregated follow com...

Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is one of the most serious complications associated with chronic alcoholism. Sudden deaths are not uncommon in AWS. In severe stages of AWS, delirium tremens (DT) occurs, which is characterized with agitation, global confusion, disorientation, visual and auditory hallucinations in addition to autonomic hyperactivity. Case report: A 30-year old man, ...