Changing trends in backbone transport networks towards dynamic path provisioning and evolving optical technologies have motivated the study of dynamic routing algorithms in the context of Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based networks. Several methods have been proposed for joint optimization of working and spare capacity in survivable optical networks. These techniques are centralized an...

A mobile ad hoc network is a network of mobile nodes without any notion of centralized administration. In such a network, each mobile node behaves not only as a host which runs applications but also as a router to forward packets on behalf of others. Clustering has been applied to routing protocols to achieve efficient communications. A CH network expresses the connected relationship among clus...

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less networks consisting of wireless devices called as mobile nodes which are organized in autonomous fashion. The highly dynamic topology, limited bandwidth availability and energy constraints make the routing problem a challenge in MANETs. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a population based meta-heuristic for combinatorial optimization proble...

Advances in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. Since WSN protocols are application specific, the focus has been given to the routing protocols that might differ depending on the application and network archite...

This paper introduces a dynamic multi-period vehicle routing problem with touting as demand management technique, where customers that have not yet placed an order can be actively encouraged to service sooner. Touting the right customers, such those located nearby who already orders, allows for more efficient routes over time. However, it also increases frequency of visits at touted they are se...