In standard automatic speech recognition (ASR), hidden Markov models (HMMs) calculate their emission probabilities by an artificial neural network (ANN) or a Gaussian distribution conditioned only upon the hidden state variable. Recent work [12] showed the benefit of conditioning the emission distributions also upon a discrete auxiliary variable, which is observed in training and hidden in reco...

This study investigated different accounts of children's acquisition of non-subject wh-questions. Questions using each of 4 wh-words (what, who, how and why), and 3 auxiliaries (BE, DO and CAN) in 3sg and 3pl form were elicited from 28 children aged 3;6-4;6. Rates of noninversion error (Who she is hitting?) were found not to differ by wh-word, auxiliary or number alone, but by lexical auxiliary...

For estimating the population variance S y of study variable y, a class of chain estimators of S y has been proposed in the presence of two auxiliary variables x and z by using known information on population mean and variance of the second auxiliary variable z. In this proposed class, the second auxiliary variable z is directly highly correlated with the first auxiliary variable x, whereas the...

the present research attempts to explain dynamic pull-in instability of functionally graded micro-cantilevers actuated by step dc voltage while the fringing-field effect is taken into account in the vibrational equation of motion. by employing modern asymptotic approach namely homotopy perturbation method with an auxiliary term, high-order frequency-amplitude relation is obtained, then the infl...

measurement of organizational climate for rcognition of intra-organizational elements and adjusting them for the managers is highly important. one of the prevalent techniques of measuring the organizational climate is the six dimensional model box of wiseboard which consists of objectives, structure, incentives, communication and auxiliary methods. to these factors in this model, the element of...

The problem of estimating the population mean in un-stratified sampling strategies to estimate the finite the presence of an auxiliary variable has been widely discussed in finite population sampling literature [1], suggested a class of estimators of the population mean using one auxiliary variable in the stratified random sampling and examined the MSE of the estimators up to the kth order of a...

background :aging can cause loss of balance, which may lead to physical and psychological problems. as the role of the otolith organs in maintaining postural stability has been emphasized in recent years, the present study investigated the effect of aging on saccular function using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cvemp).   methods : the participants were assigned into two groups...

In this paper we have presented the detailed model of Knowledge Penetration Process. Knowledge Penetration Process (KPP) is improved and modified KDD. The major modification in KPP over KDD is the usage of intermediate results, auxiliary data, auxiliary statistics and auxiliary tuples.