the present study was conducted to examine the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of iranian efl teachers and also the relationship between the self-supervision and the self-efficacy of intermediate adult learners individually. to this end, 40 efl teachers and 55 intermediate adult learners were selected from two branches of kish language institute. in this study, “...

background and purpose: professional autonomy in nursing is defined as working in a self-determined environment and making decisions based on professional judgment. this study aimed to evaluate professional autonomy and its association with individual factors in nurses employed at teaching hospitals affiliated to kerman university of medical sciences in the southeast of iran in 2013. methods: t...

background: in recent decades, traditional medical ethics which is confined to certain commands and prohibitions, is substituted by modern medical ethics which deals with problems such as euthanasia, abortion, organ transplantation, etc. and tries to find proper ethical solutions. these solutions wittingly or unwittingly are rooted in certain philosophical foundations. methods: the philosophy o...

In healthcare, robots are increasingly being used to provide a high standard of care in the near future. When machines interact with humans, we need to ensure that these machines take into account patient autonomy. Autonomy can be defined as negative autonomy and positive autonomy. We present a moral reasoning system that takes into account this twofold approach of autonomy. In simulation exper...

Autonomy is defined as the capacity to think, decide, and act freely and independently on the basis of such thought and decisions. Three types of autonomy are distinguished: autonomy of thought, which embraces the wide range of human intellectual activities called "thinking for oneself"; autonomy of will, or the capacity to decide to do things on the basis of one's deliberations; and autonomy...

This article seeks an improved understanding of nurse autonomy by looking at nursing through the lens of what recent feminist scholars have called ‘relational’ autonomy. A relational understanding of autonomy means a shift away from older views focused on individuals achieving independence, towards a view that seeks meaningful selfdirection within a context of interdependency. The main claim ma...