UNLABELLED Acupuncture is an established adjuvant analgesic modality for the treatment of chronic pain. Electrical stimulation of acupuncture points is considered to increase acupuncture analgesia. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study we tested the hypothesis that auricular electroacupuncture (EA) relieves pain more effectively than conventional manual auricular acupu...

INTRODUCTION Auricular acupuncture is given as a treatment for drug dependence. Points are usually chosen on the assumption that the body is represented somatotopically in the ear, although there is no anatomical basis for this. In clinical trials, sham treatment is often given at points that are supposedly 'incorrect' for the condition, in the belief that they are inactive. The aim of this stu...

Females of many species select their mates on the basis of the size or intensity of sexual ornaments, and it has been suggested that these provide reliable signals of a male’s ability to resist parasites and pathogens. European earwigs, Forficula auricularia , are sexually dimorphic in forceps shape and length. Male forceps are used as weapons in male contests for access to females, but recent ...

Since mushrooms have many bioactive components, they have been used as components in folk medicine. Because mycelium has an advantage when it comes to large-scale production, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and anti-tyrosinase activity from 55 mycelia in culture media. Relatively high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity was detected from the ethanol ...

BACKGROUND Fasciolosis in livestock is a crucial concern in the globe, mainly due to its impact on human health. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of infection with Fasciola gigantica (Cobbold, 1855) larvae in the field-collected snails of Lymnaea auricularia (Linnaeus, 1785) from northwestern Iran using a molecular approach. METHODS A total of 6,759 pond snails were collected f...

Radix spp. are intermediate host snails for digenean parasites of medical and veterinary importance. Within this genus, species differentiation using shell and internal organ morphology can result in erroneous species identification, causing problems when trying to understand the population biology of Radix. In the present study, DNA barcoding, using cox1 and ITS2 sequences, identified populati...

Auricular prostheses were traditionally retained using chemical adhesives ,mechanical retentive aids or natural undercuts at retention sites.These methods have the limitation of frequent loss retention, skin reactions to adhesives, unnatural movements prosthesis. Osseo integrated implants which has superior advantages over others disadvantages for patients with financial constraints and/or who ...

Auricular defects resulting from excision of cutaneous malignancies pose a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon due complex anatomy, convexities, and concavities ear. A must be familiar with analyzing ear understand variety options available goals restoring function, re-establishing anatomic units, achieving aesthetic balance. This review summarizes current methods for reconstruction partial...

Heterochrony, differences in the timing of developmental events between descendent species and their ancestors, is a pervasive evolutionary pattern. However, the origins of such timing changes are still not resolved. Here we show, using sequence analysis, that exposure to predator cues altered the timing of onset of several developmental events in embryos of two closely related gastropod specie...