conclusions although relative risk per 10 µg/m3 is low and sometimes mortality and morbidity attributable to pollutant seems slight because of sensitive and large population exposed to air pollutants, burden of disease associated with air pollution will be great. therefore, authorities should apply necessary actions and efforts based on comprehensive scientific researches in order to control ai...

BACKGROUND An important concept in epidemiology is attributable risk, defined as the difference in risk between an exposed and an unexposed group. For example, in an intervention trial, the attributable risk is the difference in risk between a group that receives an intervention and another that does not. A fundamental assumption in estimating the attributable risk associated with the intervent...

BACKGROUND Previous research to estimate population attributable risks for cancer in Alberta has been limited. Attributable burden estimates are important for planning and implementing population-based cancer prevention strategies. This article describes a methodologic framework to estimate the number of incident cancers attributable to modifiable lifestyle and environmental risk factors in Alb...

A systematic evaluation of the attributable mortality of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia was undertaken in a matched, retrospective, case-control study. We determined the attributable mortality rate (26.7%) and mortality risk ratio (an 8-fold increase) of S. maltophilia bacteremia. The attributable mortality rate for S. maltophilia bacteremia is similar to the attributable mortality rat...

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for injuries; however, international data on this burden are limited. This article presents new methods to quantify the burden of injuries attributable to alcohol consumption and quantifies the number of deaths, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost from injuries attributable to alcohol consumpt...

The objective of the current study was to estimate the risk of lung cancer attributable to occupational factors and not due to tobacco. At 24 hospitals in nine metropolitan areas in the United States, 1793 male lung cancer cases were matched for race, age, hospital, year of interview, and cigarette smoking (never smoker, ex-smoker, smoker (1-19 and > or = 20 cigarettes per day)) to two types of...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We developed a model to estimate the costs incurred by ineffective primary and secondary prevention in terms of excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a nationally representative sample of the US population. METHODS Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to examine the effect of inadequate risk factor control on the incidence of fatal stroke and myocardia...

BACKGROUND The role played by total cholesterol (TC) in risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unclear because studies report both high and low TC each as a risk factor. We performed a systematic review to clarify associations between lipid profile and SAH. METHODS Our literature search comprised Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases with no language, publication year, or study ty...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular factors and low education are important risk factors of dementia. We provide contemporary estimates of the proportion of dementia cases that could be prevented if modifiable risk factors were eliminated, i.e., population attributable risk (PAR). Furthermore, we studied whether the PAR has changed across the last two decades. METHODS We included 7,003 participants of ...