BACKGROUND Twin studies using both clinical and population-based samples suggest that the frequent co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading ability/disability (RD) is largely driven by shared genetic influences. While both disorders are associated with lower IQ, recent twin data suggest that the shared genetic variability between reading difficulties and ADHD...

may negatively affect BMD. The follow-up period in this study was longer than in other studies, but limitations include recall bias and failure to account for other lifestyle factors that may affect BMD. Also, the use of steroid-equivalents as the index of cumulative steroid use limits the generalizability of this study. Because the clinical implications of the decreased BMD are unclear, additi...

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between 1.4% and 6% of children. The importance of the role of primary care in the recognition and joint management of this disorder is being increasingly highlighted. Despite a wealth of research, the diagnosis and management of ADHD have attracted a good deal of controversy. In this discussion paper, we focus on the empirical basis for s...

The current study investigates two recently identified threats to the construct validity of behavioral inhibition as a core deficit of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the stop-signal task: calculation of mean reaction time from go-trials presented adjacent to intermittent stop-trials, and non-reporting of the stop-signal delay metric. Children with ADHD (n = 12) and typ...

Failures to focus attention will affect any task engagement (e.g., at work, in the classroom, when driving). At the clinical end, distractibility is a diagnostic criterion of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we examined whether the inability to maintain attentional focus varies in the overall population in the form of an attention-distractibility trait. To test th...

This article describes what is currently known about the peer relationships of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This topic is addressed both from the perspective of how ADHD initially contributes to problematic relationships with peers, and also from the perspective of how peers' reactions to these problems may serve to maintain them. Given the limited improvement ...

Sixty-six male infants participating in the Ben-Gurion Infant Development Study of familial risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed at 7 months of age using observational and mother report measures. Risk for ADHD was based on ADHD symptoms in the father. Infants whose fathers had seven or more symptoms formed the ADHD risk group; infants whose fathers had three or...

OBJECTIVE Few studies assessed factors associated with the agreement/disagreement between fathers and mothers when rating ADHD symptoms of their offspring. METHOD Teachers and both parents assessed a referred sample of 98 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years ( M age = 9.79, SD = 2.59) using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP-IV) rating scale. The agreement was assessed for each of th...