Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of illness and death in women. Premenopausal women are relatively protected from coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis as compared to postmenopausal women, and this protection is attributed to the effects of the female sex hormone (estrogen). The vasculature, like the reproductive tissues, bone, liver, and brain, is now recognized as an importa...

Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic, noncollagenous matrix protein produced by the bone and kidneys. It is reportedly involved in bone resorption and formation. We examined the association between serum OPN levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women (n=32) and postmenopausal women (n=409) participated in the study. We measured serum osteopontin levels and their rela...

INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome disorders and the occurrence of these disorders greatly contributes to the deficiency of vitamin D. Postmenopausal women are particularly prone to that deficiency. AIM The aim of the study was to assess vitamin D concentration in the plasma of pre- and postmenopausal women, with or without metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL...

More and more women are entering their postmenopausal years, requiring more training of women’s health care professionals and greater research efforts to further uncover the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In the Western world, menopause occurs at about 51.4 years, and currently close to 42 million women in the United States are older than 50 years [1]. With a life expe...

KEY POINTS Exercise training effectively improves vascular and skeletal muscle function; however, these effects of training may be blunted in postmenopausal women as a result of the loss of oestrogens. Accordingly, the capacity to deliver oxygen to the active muscles may also be impaired in postmenopausal women. In both premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women, exercise training was shown ...

Osteoporosis and depression are major health problems of crisis proportions in postmenopausal women. Researchers have established a relationship between bone loss and depression, although few studies have focused on postmenopausal women. The purposes of this integrative review were to synthesize and summarize the available literature on: 1) the associations between bone loss and depression in p...

Inflammation and the recruitment of monocytes into the artery wall are thought to be important aspects in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The present study was designed to examine the effects of a rigorous diet and exercise intervention on plasma lipids and inflammatory and circulating adhesion molecules. Twenty postmenopausal women at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) w...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of the height difference and bone density (BD) of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS The height values of 191 premenopausal and postmenopausal women were recorded, and the BD values of lumbar vertebrae and hip were detected by double energy X-ray BD detector. RESULTS The lower the height of the postmenopausal women, the less the BD value. T...