In this article, a broad perspective of supernovae, their classification and mechanism is given. Later, the astrophysical significance of supernovae is discussed in brief.

Although acute lung injury (ALI) is an important problem in humans, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Airway instillation of bacterial LPS, a known complement activator, represents a frequently used model of ALI. In the present study, pathways in the immunopathogenesis of ALI were evaluated. ALI was induced in wild-type, C3(-/-), and C5(-/-) mice by airway deposition of LPS. To assess the ...

Recently it has been shown that deep neural networks can learn to play Atari games by directly observing raw pixels of the playing area. We show how apprenticeship learning can be applied in this setting so that an agent can learn to perform a task (i.e. play a game) by observing the expert, without any explicitly provided knowledge of the game’s internal state or objectives. Background Mnih et...

PURPOSE We sought to determine if use of warm fresh whole blood (WFWB), rather than blood component therapy, alters rates of acute lung injury (ALI) in patients with trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed rates of ALI in patients undergoing massive blood transfusions while at a combat support hospital. Patients with ALI were compared with those not developing ALI with respe...

The incidence and mortality of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are still very high, but stem cells show some promise for its treatment. Here we found that intratracheal administration of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) significantly improved survival and attenuated the lung inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice. We als...

Objective(s): Abnormal lung cell death including autophagy and apoptosis is the central feature in acute lung injury (ALI). To identify the cellular mechanisms and the chronology by which different types of lung cell death are activated during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, we decided to evaluate autophagy (by LC3-II and autophagosome) and apoptosis (by caspase-3) at different time point...

We discuss the current implementation of the ALI method into our HYDrodynamical RAdiation (Hydra) code for rapidly expanding, low density envelopes commonly found in core collapse and thermonuclear supernovae, novae and WR stars. Due to the low densities, non-thermal excitation by high energy photons (e.g. from radioactive decays) and the time dependence of the problem, significant departures f...

INTRODUCTION The description of a neurological entity termed “Jamaican peripheral neuritis” by Strachan (1) in 1888 marked the beginning of more than a century of systematic clinical and scientific investigation into an endemic neurological syndrome that is now recognize as tropical spastic paraparesis. It required the work of Scott (2) in 1918 and finally Cruickshank (3) in 1956 to better clin...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by blast injury, and explore possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS A mouse model of blast injury-induced ALI was established using a self-made explosive device. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to control, ALI and ALI + COS groups. An eight-channel physiological monitor was us...

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) and its extreme manifestation the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) complicate a wide variety of serious medical and surgical conditions. Thioredoxin is a small ubiquitous thiol protein with redox/inflammation modulatory properties relevant to the pathogenesis of ALI. We therefore investigated whether thioredoxin is raised extracellulary in patients ...