Pyrolysis is the thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous feedstock in the absence of oxygen to produce bio-fuel (bio-oil, bio-char and syn-gas). Bio-fuel production from municipal green waste (MGW) through the pyrolysis process has attracted considerable attention recently in the renewable energy sector because it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to energy security. This st...

The MAVEN Solar Wind Electron Analyzer (SWEA) is a symmetric hemispheric electrostatic analyzer with deflectors that is designed to measure the energy and angular distributions of 3-4600-eV electrons in the Mars environment. This energy range is important for impact ionization of planetary atmospheric species, and encompasses the solar wind core and halo populations, shock-energized electrons, ...

A new endstation has recently been commissioned at 6-m toroidal grating monochromator beamline to perform high-resolution photoemission studies in the photon energy range of 10–180 eV. The new endstation is equipped with Phoibos-150 analyzer with a channelplate and charge coupled device (CCD) camera readout to measure the kinetic energy of the electron and its emission angle simultaneously. The...

In this time of energy crises, low production rate against the increasing demand of oil and gas production regularly hampers both domestic and industrial operations. In addition, safety hazards arising from explosion and increase in the cost of production due to pumping cavitation has pose a great challenge on offshore Floating Production Storage and Off-loading (FPSO) terminals. In view of the...

A new instrument called a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI) (Kucharik et al., 1997), which uses a 16-bit charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and ®lter exchange mechanism to capture 2-band (visible and near-infrared) image pairs of plant canopies, has been used to measure the light distribution over sunlit leaves and indirectly infer leaf area index (LAI), sunlit LAI and leaf angle distribution (...

Effects of shoot water potential (Psi) and leaf-to-atmosphere vapor pressure difference (VPD) on gas exchange of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were investigated at the northern edge of the boreal forest in Manitoba, Canada. Laboratory measurements on cut branches showed that net photosynthesis (A(n)) and me...