Timothy Williamson’s Modal Logic as Metaphysics is, among much else, a detailed and complex defense of the metaphysical view he calls necessitism, the view that necessarily everything necessarily exists (is something), that although it may be a contingent matter how things are, what things there are is entirely a matter of necessity. The majority of contemporary modal metaphysicians reject this...

Strikingly, Ogawa and Wildasin (2009) find that in a model with heterogenous jurisdictions, interjurisdictional capital flows, and interjurisdictional environmental damage spillovers, decentralized planning outcomes are equivalent to that under a single centralized planner. Taken to its extreme this result renders international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol irrelevant. We first show the...

The problem of private data disclosure is studied from an information theoretic perspective. Considering a pair dependent random variables (X, Y), where X and Y denote the useful data, respectively, following addressed: What maximum that can be revealed about Y, measured by mutual I(Y; U), in which U denotes while disclosing no X, captured condition statistical independence, i.e., ⊥ U, hencefor...

Given the complete graph Kn = (V,E) on n nodes with edge costs c ∈ R, the symmetric traveling salesman problem (henceforth TSP) is to find a Hamilton cycle (or tour) in Kn of minimum cost. This problem is known to be NP-hard, even in the case where the costs satisfy the triangle inequality, i.e. when cij + cjk ≥ cik for all i, j, k ∈ V (see [5]). When the costs satisfy the triangle inequality, ...

Analyzing word complexity usually involves studying the fragments of a word or the process of its construction (see [2] for instance). Arnold introduced [1] a new concept of complexity of a word. The measure of this complexity is determined by the “stability” of a word under the iterated action of a certain operator. Consider an arbitrary nonperiodic binary word w = x1x2 . . . x2n , with w 6= v...

In two studies the role of biomedical knowledge in the diagnosis of clinical cases was explored. Experiment 1 demonstrated a decrease in the use of biomedical knowledge with increasing expertise. This result appeared to be at variance with some findings reported in the literature (e.g., Lesgold. 1934). but supported those of others (e.g., Patel, Evans, & Groen, 1989). In Experiment 2, three pos...

http://gpi.sagepub.com/content/10/3/373 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/1368430207078697 2007 10: 373 Group Processes Intergroup Relations Peter Fischer, Tobias Greitemeyer and Andreas Kastenmüller Aggression Potential, and Attitudes Toward Terrorism About the Associations Between Muslims' Religiosity, Religious Identity, What Do We Think About Muslims? The Vali...