through the last three decades different seismological and engineering approaches for the generation of artificial earthquakes have been proposed. selection of an appropriate method for the generation of applicable artificial earthquake accelerograms (aeas) has been a challenging subject in the time history analysis of the structures in the case of the absence of sufficient recorded accelerogra...

Germinated maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings were enclosed in modified triaxial cells in an artificial substrate and exposed to oxygen deficiency stress (4% oxygen, hypoxia) or to mechanical resistance to elongation growth (mechanical impedance) achieved by external pressure on the artificial substrate, or to both hypoxia and impedance simultaneously. Compared with controls, seedlings that received...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of a bulk fill flowable resin composite on both enamel and dentin substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 non-carious molars were selected and four Class-V cavities were prepared at the CEJ of each sample. Cavities were filled with Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer); Venus Diamond Flow (Heraeus Kulzer) and Surefil ...

The ability to design artificial extracellular matrices as cell-instructive scaffolds has opened the door to technologies capable of studying the fate of cells in vitro and to guiding tissue repair in vivo. One main component of the design of artificial extracellular matrices is the incorporation of biochemical cues to guide cell phenotype and multicellular organization. The extracellular matri...

INTRODUCTION: One of the great challenges for both basic science study and tissue engineering is constructing a 3-D structure that closely mimics the in vivo microenvironments of cells . In bone tissue, osteocytes form the most abundant cell type, and are suggested as mechanosensor cells, which translate mechanical stimuli into downstream biochemical signals that further regulate bone remodelin...

Marine habitats containing complex physical structure (e.g., crevices) can provide shelter from predation for benthic invertebrates. To examine effects of natural and artificial structure on the abundance of intertidal juvenile crabs, 2 experiments were conducted in Kingston Bay, Massachusetts, USA, from July to September, 2012. In the first experiment, structure was manipulated in a two-factor...

We present a mathematical implementation of a quantum mechanical artificial neural network, in the quasi-continuum regime, using the nonlinearity inherent in the real-time propagation of a quantum system coupled to its environment. Our model is that of a quantum dot molecule coupled to the substrate lattice through optical phonons, and subject to a timevarying external field. Using discretized ...

Stiff thin films on soft substrates are both ancient and commonplace in nature; for instance, animal skin comprises a stiff epidermis attached to a soft dermis. Although more recent and rare, artificial skins are increasingly used in a broad range of applications, including flexible electronics, tunable diffraction gratings, force spectroscopy in cells, modern metrology methods, and other devic...

Application of industrial enzymes for production of valuable chemical compounds has greatly benefited from recent developments in Systems and Synthetic Biology. Both, in vivo and in vitro systems have been established, allowing conversion of simple into complex compounds. Metabolic engineering in living cells needs to be balanced which is achieved by controlling gene expression levels, translat...

In some traumatic nerve injuries, autologous nerve grafting is the first choice for bridging the gap between the severed nerve ends. However, this therapeutic strategy has some disadvantages, including permanent loss of donor function and requirement of multiple surgeries. An attractive alternative to this therapeutic technique is the use of artificial nerve conduit. Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)...