The evolution of digestive proteases during larval development of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790) has been studied. A progressive increase of protease activity has been found. The optimum pH for proteolytic activity against azocasein was determined. Caseinograms revealed an active complex of alkaline proteases from the early stages of the development. From the apparent molecular masse...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in artificial feeds on the growth and quality of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) raised in cages. Two diet formulas with dietary CLA were developed, and a diet without of CLA served as a control. The effects of CLA (2% and 4%) on average daily gain per tail (DGT), feed conversion ratio (FCR)...

The pediatric obesity epidemic has gathered public and political interest recently. People often choose "diet" or artificial sweetened beverages (ASB) to combat this epidemic, but the obesity incidence continues to rise. First, I review the pediatric studies on the effect of ASB consumption with subsequent food intake. Next, I present pediatric studies of chronic ASB consumption and weight chan...

Previous work suggests that innate immunity and representations of tissue can be useful when combined with artificial immune systems. Here we provide a new implementation of tissue for AIS using systemic computation, a new model of computation and corresponding computer architecture based on a systemics world-view and supplemented by the incorporation of natural characteristics. We show using s...

Feeding preference, mating frequency, fecundity, and egg hatch of rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), were examined in the laboratory. Adult rice stink bugs were allowed to feed on one of four different food sources including barnyardgrass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, and a new artificial rice flour diet. Initially, a higher percentage of females fed on all food sources than did males. Ryegrass and...