Research Reports, which record research conducted at IIASA, are independently reviewed before publication. Views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. Contents Foreword v Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research question 1 1.2 Projection approach 2 1.3 Relevance ...

Degradation in a range of land uses was examined across the transition from arid to semi-arid zone northern Negev desert, representative developments use taking place throughout West Asia and North Africa region. Primary production used as an index important aspect dryland degradation. It derived data provided by Landsat measurements at 0.1 ha resolution over 2500 km2 study region—the first ass...

Field research into the climatic history and shifting of the East Saharan desert has furnished evidence that during Quaternary time the present extremely arid western part of Upper Nubia (northern Sudan)was temporarily linked to the Nile by way of a hitherto unknown 400 kilometer long tributary. From about 9500 to 4500 years ago, lower Wadi Howar flowed through an environment characterized by n...

The North China agro–pastoral zone is a large, ecologically fragile in the arid and semi-arid regions. Quantitative remote sensing inversion of soil organic carbon (SOC) this region can facilitate understanding current status degraded land restoration provide data support for cycling research region. Deep learning (DNN) SOC has been W.a hot topic over past decade, but there have few studies at ...

Abstract Arid regions have deficient precipitation, understanding the sources and transportation of moisture for precipitation are crucial. This study examined major contributions global six arid regions, which classified as inland region (China-Mongolia) coastal (North Africa, West Asia, United States, South Africa Australia). Results indicated that, in originates mostly from ocean, is influen...

The interplay between topography and Indian summer monsoon circulation profoundly controls precipitation distribution, sediment transport, and river discharge along the Southern Himalayan Mountain Front (SHF). The Higher Himalayas form a major orographic barrier that separates humid sectors to the south and arid regions to the north. During the Indian summer monsoon, vortices transport moisture...

Late Miocene to mid-Pleistocene sedimentary proxy records reveal that northwest Australia underwent an abrupt transition from dry to humid climate conditions at 5.5 million years (Ma), likely receiving year-round rainfall, but after ~3.3 Ma, climate shifted toward an increasingly seasonal precipitation regime. The progressive constriction of the Indonesian Throughflow likely decreased continent...