One of the most salient tasks in law is legal assessment, and concerns the problem of determining whether some case is allowed or disallowed given an appropriate body of legal norms. In this paper we describe a system and Protégé 4 plugin, called OWL Judge, that uses standard OWL 2 DL reasoning for legal assessment. Norms are represented in terms of the LKIF Core ontology, as generic situation ...

This paper defends the Famine Relief Argument against Having Children, which goes as follows: conceiving and raising a child costs hundreds of thousands of dollars; that money would be far better spent on famine relief; therefore, conceiving and raising children is immoral. It is named after Peter Singer’s Famine Relief Argument because it might be a special case of Singer’s argument and becaus...

We characterize electronic discussion forums as being of one of the following two types: Brainstorming Forums and Arguments Structuring Forums. In this work we analyze and classify the types of threading models occurring as a function of the type of forum. For our analysis we study forums attached to the 25 news sources most used by the aggregator Google News, as detected by a 2007 study. Most ...

In this short paper, we describe another class of forcing notions which preserve measurability of a large cardinal κ from the optimal hypothesis, while adding new unbounded subsets to κ . In some ways these forcings are closer to the Cohen-type forcings — e.g. we show that they are not minimal — however, they share some properties with tree-like forcings. We show that they admit fusion-type arg...

Under the National Banking System, 1863–1914, national banks that deposited sufficient collateral could issue notes provided they paid a tax on notes in circulation: 1% per year before 1900 and 12% thereafter. Because note issue was far below the allowed maximum, an arbitrage argument predicts that short-term nominal interest rates should have been bounded above by the tax rate. They were not. ...

In this paper, the authors consider argument mining as the task of building a formal representation for an argumentative piece of text. Their goal is to provide a critical survey of the literature on both the resulting representations (i.e., argument diagramming techniques) and on the various aspects of the automatic analysis process. For representation, the authors also provide a synthesized p...

The two-dimensional model which emerges from low-energy considerations of string theory is written down. Solutions of this classical model are noted, including some examples which have nontrivial tachyon field. One such represents the classical backreaction of the tachyon field on the black hole for a two parameter set of tachyon potentials. Assuming the classical black hole background in the ‘...

The present paper discusses experimental argument assistance tools. In contrast with automated reasoning tools, the objective is not to replace reasoning, but to guide the user’s production of arguments. Two systems are presented, ARGUE! and ARGUMED based on DEFLOG. The focus is on defeasible argumentation with an eye on the law. Argument assistants for defeasible argumentation naturally corres...

We consider a generalization of the capacitated vehicle routing problem known as the cumulative vehicle routing problem in the literature. Cumulative VRPs are known be a simple model for fuel consumption in VRPs. We examine four variants of the problem, and give constant factor approximation algorithms. Our results are based on a well-known heuristic of partitioning the traveling salesman tours...

Given a controversial issue, argument mining from texts in natural language is extremely challenging: besides linguistic aspects, domain knowledge is often required together with appropriate forms of inferences to identify arguments. Via the analysis of various corpora, this contribution explores the types of knowledge that are required to develop an efficient argument mining system. We show th...