Ticks had to adapt to an existing and complex vertebrate hemostatic system from being free-living scavengers. A large array of anti-hemostatic mechanisms evolved during this process and includes blood coagulation as well as platelet aggregation inhibitors. Several questions regarding tick evolution exist. What was the nature of the ancestral tick? When did ticks evolve blood-feeding capabilitie...

Page 58. Under Ixodes amersoni Kohls, 1966Host(s)Seabird: Pterodroma lessonii.should be corrected to:Seabird: Procelsterna cerulea albivitta.Page 59, lines 5–6. “Note”, second sentence: “The record from the blue-grey noddy (Procelsterna ceruleaalbivitta) in Heath (2010a: 13, 16) is erroneous.”should be corrected to:“The record from the white-headed petrel (Pterodroma lessonii) in Heath (2010a: ...

Borrelia anserina is a pathogen of high importance in poultry industry which causes fowl spirocheatosis. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Borrelia anserina in poultry soft ticks, Argas persicus collected from birds and poultry farms. A total of 1500 ticks were collected from poultry farms located in Faisalabad and Kamalia, Pakistan. B. anserina was isolated using BSK-H med...