Technology affected human life in many ways in different eras of mankind history. Today, the information and telecommunication technology has revolutionized basic structures of human life. Changes are from the whole to the parts and vice versa, which include family and society too. Family lost its former structure in the information age and differentiated from patriarchy family. Societies have ...

This paper sketches an approach to using aspects for architectural description within the conceptual framework of IEEE 1471. I propose a definition of architectural aspect within that framework and examine its consequences and motivations. I show that architectural aspects can be accommodated within the current conceptual framework of IEEE 1471 without modification; and outline extensions to th...

In this short technical note we show how PADL – the process algebraic architectural description language of Bernardo, Ciancarini and Donatiello – can be used to specify AFrames. AFrames exist to structure the machine in a Problem Frames development, and are important in that framework as they allow architectural expertise to be captured and reused therein. Because of the close proximity of PADL...

Computer-assisted reconstruction of no-longer existent (architectural) objects and their surroundings amounts to a “virtual comeback”. Irreversible destruction having removed identity-establishing buildings from the urban surface forever is the principal reason for re-creating them by imagination. Following the destruction during the so-called “Reichskristall-Night” of November 1938, the synago...

The social dynamics of cities have long been dependent on their spaces and places. On the one hand, human interactions, and relationships are formed by the city form and on the other hand, the body recovers its identity from existing social life. The more a city can communicate with its citizens through physical features, the more it will affect their social identity. Thus, the city form can ha...

Identity and access management (IAM) systems are used to assure authorized access to services in distributed environments. The architecture of IAM systems, in particular the arrangement of the involved components, has significant impact on performance and scalability of the overall system. Furthermore, factors like robustness and even privacy that are not related to performance have to be consi...

Lattice strain plays a crucial role on the properties of nanoparticles. Although the effect of lattice strain on nanoparticles has been widely studied in experimental measurements and calculations, its physical mechanism from the perfective of bond identities is still poorly understood. Herein we put forward an analytical solution of the size effect and external stimuli such as pressure and tem...

The Architecture Planning Group (APG) was chartered by IEEE’s Software Engineering Standards Committee to set a direction for incorporating architectural thinking into IEEE standards. In this paper, we present a framework for architectural thinking and use it to review existing architectural practices; summarize the work of the APG and its recommendations; and provide the rationale for those re...

Software architecture is considered as a set of architectural design decisions. Managing the evolution of architectural design decisions helps to maintain consistency between requirements and the deployed system, and is also necessary for reducing architectural knowledge evaporation. In this paper, we propose a UML metamodel based on the Triple View Model from our previous research work. The UM...