For Common R or R-L load to apply arbitrary voltage, the bridge traditional inverters don’t have any difficulties by PWM method. However for driving some piezoelectric actuator, arbitrary voltage not a pulse but a steady voltage should be applied. Piezoelectric load is considered as R-C load and its voltage does not decrease even though the applied voltage decreases. Therefore it needs some spe...

due to the increasing interest on renewable sources in recent years, the studies on integration of distributed generation to the power grid have rapidly increased. in order to minimize line losses of power systems, it is crucially important to define the size and location of local generation to be placed. minimizing the losses in the system would bring two types of saving, in real life, one is ...

polarization for au/pb(zr ti )o /yba cu o ferroelectric capacitor has been studied and measured by pulse method. a sequence of pulses with amplitudes varying from 0 to 10 volts in 2 volt steps is applied and a conventional polarization curve is obtained by integrating the charge flow from the polarization switching induced by the voltage ramp. a value of 25?c/cm2 is measured for the saturated p...

new kinds of hydroquinone derivatives were synthesized and along with a azo dye applied as additives in the iodide/iodine redox electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells and their effect on the short-circuit photocurrent of dye sensitized solar cells was investigated. addition of 0.05 m a hydroquinone derivative in the electrolyte comprising 0.5 m 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (mpii) and...

piezoelectric nanobeams having circular, rectangular and hexagonal cross-sections are synthesized and used in various nano structures; however, piezoelectric nanobeams with hexagonal cross-sections have not been studied in detail. in particular, the physical mechanisms of the surface effect and the role of surface stress, surface elasticity and surface piezoelectricity have not been discussed t...

This paper concerns the influence of moving an auxiliary limiting cylinder in X-Y directions on the electrostatic field and corona onset voltage of the dual electrode system employed in the electrostatic filtration process resulting in a “Tri-electrode” system. The Tri-electrode system is applied in order to control the field around the ionized wire and on the ground plate. Accurate calculation...

A high-speed and high-accuracy continuous-time common-mode feedback block (CMFB) is presented. To satisfy speed and accuracy requirements, some modi ̄cations have been applied on di®erential di®erence ampli ̄er (DDA) CMFB circuit. The proposed method is applied to a folded cascode op-amp with power supply of 3.3V. In order to verify the proposed circuit, simulations are done in 0.35 m standard CM...

Organic electronic synapses (e-synapses) based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/ graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanocomposites are fabricated by using a solution method. Current–voltage (I–V) curves for the devices under dual positive bias voltage sweeps show that the conductance with a pinched hysteresis gradually increased with increasing applied voltage, and ...

This paper presents, “Performance Analysis of power flow control through FACTS Devices in Power System. In a power system network consisting of generators, transmission lines, transformers and load etc., STATCOM, SVC and UPFC are applied between two buses separately and their effects are analyzed as par applied system conditions. Power flow between different buses and voltage regulation of abov...

The transmembrane voltage induced due to applied electric field superimposes to the resting transmembrane voltage of the cell. On the part of the cell membrane, where the transmembrane voltage exceeds the threshold transmembrane voltage, changes in the membrane occur, leading to increase in membrane permeability known as electropermeabilization. This part of the cell membrane represents the per...