BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Malaysian monofloral honey samples-acacia, pineapple and borneo honey-and compare them with tualang honey. Acacia and pineapple honey are produced by Apis mellifera bees while borneo and tualang honey are produced by Apis cerana and Apis dorsata bees, respectively. METHODS The physical pa...

Web apis are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to the more heavy-weight Web services. Recently, they also have been used in the context of sensor networks. However, making different Web apis (and thus sensors) cooperate often requires a significant amount of manual configuration. Ideally, we want Web apis to behave like Linked Data, where data from different sources can be combined i...

The queens of eusocial bees, ants and wasps mate only during a very short period early in life and males therefore produce ejaculates consisting of large numbers of high quality sperm. Such extreme selection for high fecundity resulted in males investing minimally into their somatic survival, including their immune system. However, if susceptible males are unable to protect their reproductive t...

The best available evidence of inhibitory conditioning in vertebrates comes from experiments in which variants of A+/AB- and A+/B- training were compared in terms of response to B in summation and retardation tests, the results suggesting that inhibition is generated by nonreinforcement as an increasing function of the excitatory value of the setting. We report here 7 experiments with foraging ...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147220.].

We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has invo...