Dominance constraints logically describe trees in terms of their adjacency and dominance, i.e. reachability, relation. They have important applications in computational linguistics. Unfortunately, the satisfiability problem of dominance constraints is NP-complete. In this extended abstract we describe efficient algorithms for natural subclasses of dominance constraints [BDNM03]. The instances o...

The phytohormone auxin is important in many aspects of plant development. We have isolated an auxin-resistant Arabidopsis mutant, iaa28-1, that is severely defective in lateral root formation and that has diminished adult size and decreased apical dominance. The iaa28-1 mutant is resistant to inhibition of root elongation by auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene, but it responds normally to other phyt...

Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing Arabidopsis phytochrome B were characterized morphologically and physiologically under white light in a greenhouse to explore their potential for improved photosynthesis and higher tuber yields. As expected, overexpression of functional phytochrome B caused pleiotropic effects such as semidwarfism, decreased apical dominance, a higher numb...

Qualitative and quantitative estimation of a proteinaceous chymotrypsin inhibitor in tissues of potato plants has revealed a transitory existence in all tissues except xylem, flowers, and seeds, where the inhibitor was not found. The distribution pattern in both aerial tissues and in tubers during development and senescence suggests that the concentrations of this protein in all tissues are inf...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a new stochastic population-based search methodology by simulating the animal social behaviors such as birds flocking and fish schooling. Many improvements have been proposed within the framework of this biological assumption. However, in this paper, the search pattern of PSO is used tomodel the branch growth process of natural plants. It provides a differen...

Background: Identifying lower extremity defects during high impact activity, such as landing, especially in young athletes who play team sports, could help to prevent non-contact lower extremity injuries. The Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) is a screening instrument designed to recognize neuromuscular deficits related to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. The current study investigated the pre...

Spontaneous formation of tumors in Nicotiana hybrids, such as N. glauca X N. langsdorffii, has been shown to be under genetic control (4) and not attributable to any external causative agent. However, the mechanism by which the tumor inducing genome brings about the transformation from normal to tumorous cell growth is not understood. Recently it was postulated that the first step in tumorigene...

Cytokinins are a major class of plant hormones that are involved in various aspects of plant development, ranging from organ formation and apical dominance to leaf senescence. Cytokinin and auxin have long been known to interact antagonistically, and more recent studies have shown that cytokinins also interact with other plant hormones to regulate plant development. A growing body of research h...