osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by reduction in bone density and susceptibility to deformity and fracture. some studies show that osteoblasts can create inter-cellular free radicals that lead to cellular death. superoxide dismutase (sod) plays an essential role in cell defense against reactive oxygen metabolites. the purpose of this study was to measure the plasma sod activiti...

Background: Probiotics have attracted a great attention aiming to develop natural non-toxic antioxidants, because of their role in decreasing the risk of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of a probiotic Streptococcus salivarius ssp thermophillus (St.sa) and to evaluate its protective effect against the ...

Multiple Enzyme Isoforms Provide the Cell With Tools to Precisely Control Second Messenger Levels Second messengers are defined as small molecules that are synthesized in the cell in response to extracellular first messengers,1 and diffuse through the cytoplasm to mediate their effects. This definition is sometimes broadened to include hydrophobic molecules, such as diacylglycerol (DAG).2 Synth...

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a well-known cytoprotective enzyme due to its enzymatic action, which involves the catalysis of heme into anti-apoptotic and antioxidant molecules such as bilirubin, biliverdin CO [...]

objective: electro-magnetic radiation (emr) is emitted from mobile phones. various researches have shown relationships between mobile phone emr exposure to cancer and neurologic damages. this study aims to investigate the effects of mobile phone emr on brain antioxidant enzyme activity and the learning process. methods: rat pups and their dames were exposed to emr for 3 h per day from p2 to p1...

drought is still accounted as a serious agronomic problem and also one of the most important factors contributing to crop yield loss. the effect of sodium silicate (na2sio3, abbreviated as si) was investigated on the four major antioxidant enzyme activities and five other relevant components in two different grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l., cvs mish pestan and sahebi, as tolerant and sen...