BACKGROUND The 2008 American Urological Association (AUA) Best Practice Statement on antimicrobial prophylaxis states that prophylaxis is not warranted for subjects with normal risk profile undergoing cystourethroscopy unless manipulation such as ureteral stent removal is performed. To date no studies have specifically assessed the need for antimicrobial prophylaxis during cystoscopic ureteral ...

Uropathogenic organisms have evolved numerous defense mechanisms against antimicrobial agents, hence resistance to old and newly available drugs are increasing at an unprecedented level. The events of antibiotic resistance have lead for screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Cyminumcum...

Our study confronts the use of antimicrobial agents in ambulatory care with the resistance trends of 2 major pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, in 21 European countries in 2000-2005 and explores whether the notion that antimicrobial drug use determines resistance can be supported by surveillance data at national aggregation levels. The data obtained from the European Surv...

Vertebrate secreted RNases (ribonucleases) are small proteins that play important roles in RNA metabolism, angiogenesis or host defence. In the present study we describe the antimicrobial properties of the N-terminal domain of the hcRNases (human canonical RNases) and show that their antimicrobial activity is well conserved among their lineage. Furthermore, all domains display a similar antimic...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to obtain information for an effective antimicrobial therapy against orofacial odontogenic infections; such information was obtained from recent bacteriologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility data. STUDY DESIGN The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens in 163 patients with orofacial odontogenic infections to 7 antibiotics...

The serotype, Shiga toxin (Stx) type, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of 138 Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from humans between 2003 and 2007 in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan were characterized. The predominant O serogroups of the STEC isolates were O157, O26, and O111. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the STEC isolates showed that 31 of the 138 isolates (2...

OBJECTIVES Prescribing medications is an important challenge in the transition to junior doctor practice. We explored the antimicrobial prescribing experiences of foundation year (FY) doctors in two UK hospitals. The study answers three research questions: (i) What types of antimicrobial prescribing experiences do FY doctors have?; (ii) How do they make sense of their antimicrobial prescribing ...

BACKGROUND Over the past two decades, there has been a growing trend in using oral hygienic products originating from natural resources such as essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts. Seven aromatic plants used in this study are among popular traditional Iranian medicinal plants with potential application in modern medicine as anti-oral infectious diseases. OBJECTIVES This study was conducte...

OBJECTIVE We found previously that inappropriate inpatient antimicrobial use was often attributable to erroneous diagnoses. Here, we detail diagnostic errors and their relationship to inappropriate antimicrobial courses. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Veterans Affairs hospital. PATIENTS A cohort of 500 randomly selected inpatients with an antimicrobial course. METHODS Blinde...

OBJECTIVE Many hospitals utilize antimicrobial management teams (AMTs) to improve patient care. However, most function with minimal computer support. We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support system for the management of antimicrobial utilization. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial in adult inpatients between May 10 and August 3, 2004....