A new domino reaction for the highly selective synthesis of tetracyclic cinnolino[5,4,3-cde]cinnolines using steric control was described. In this reaction, the use of anthenes with aliphatic groups (R(1)) leads to cinnolino[5,4,3-cde]cinnolines whereas anthenes with aryl groups (R(1)) result in N-amino-1,8-dioxoacridines.

antidepressant agents inhibit the neuronal reuptake of monoamines such as serotonin (5-ht), noradrenaline (na), and dopamine (da). several clinical and animal studies have advocated the use of these agents in the management of pain. in this study, therefore, the possibility of a correlation between the analgesic activity of six serotonin specific reuptake inhibitor (ssri) antidepressants and th...

introduction: depressive disorder is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, which affects 21% of the world population. the presently using drugs can impose a variety of side-effects including cardiac toxicity, hypopiesia, sexual dysfunction, body weight gain, and sleep disorder. during the last decade, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic effects of natural products on mental disorders. am...

objective: the present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-depressant activity of myristica fragrans(ms). materials and methods: male wistar rats were subjected to imipramine and herbal extract ofms for their antidepressant activity using forced swimming test (fst), reserpine reversal test (rrt), haloperidol-induced catalepsy (hic), and pentobarbitone sleeping time (pst). results: administrat...

CONTEXT The need for improved therapeutic agents that more quickly and effectively treat depression is critical. In a pilot study we evaluated the role of the cholinergic system in cognitive symptoms of depression and unexpectedly observed rapid reductions in depression severity following the administration of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine hydrobromide (4 microg/kg intravenously) compared...

BACKGROUND Our previous studies in a group of arylpiperazine derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-diones, aimed at chemical diversification of the purine-2,6-dione by introduction of hydrophobic substituent in a 7- or 8- position or elongation of the linker length between arylpiperazine and purine core, allowed a selection of potent 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptor ligands displa...

Induction of mania is a common occurrence with antidepressant use. A case of antidepressant induced hypomania leading to antidepressant abuse is presented. The clinical implications of antidepressant abuse in bipolar disorder are discussed.

Depression is a heterogeneous disorder often manifested with symptoms at the psychological, behavioral and physiological levels. Full remission is achieved in fewer than 50% of patients. Therefore, antidepressant or medications that achieve a better rate of success are urgently needed. Herbal medicine has a long and respected history, and holds a valuable place in the treatment of depression. A...

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the putative antidepressant effects of crocin and crocetin, two major active ingredients of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) using mice in two different regimens of acute and sub-acute administration. Material and Methods: In acute treatment, antidepressant-like activities of crocin and crocetin (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated using...