The aim of this study was to assess and describe the developmental potential of the embryos of the wolf spider X. nemoralis collected from the reference site (Pilica) and a site heavily polluted with metals (Welnowiec) (southern Poland). For the analyses of the progress of development the embryos the computer microtomography was used. Adenylate concentration was measured using luminometric meth...

The aim was to estimate the impacts of invasive Impatiens parviflora on forests' herbal layer communities. A replicated Before-After-Control-Impact field experiment and comparisons with adjacent uninvaded plots were used. The alien's impact on species richness was tested using hierarchical generalized mixed effect models with Poisson error structure. Impact on species composition was tested usi...

Siberian bluegrass (Poa) includes a number of polymorphic species such as P. arctica s.l., P. nemoralis s.l., P. palustris s.l., P. pratensis s.l., P. sibirica s.l., and P. smirnovii s.l., plus numerous hybrids and purported derivatives (e.g., P. attenuata s.l., P. glauca s.l., P. urssulensis s.l.). In Siberia Poa is represented by morphologically isolated species and hybrid-apomictic complexes...

Rendzinas in the taiga zone are intrazonal soils; moreover, all of their processes occur ways that different from podzolic soil formation, which is typical for zonal boreal ecosystem. At same time, habitats carbonate soils known as places there a concentration biodiversity more southern regions, they drier, insolated, and have higher trophic state than podzols. The biotopes on becoming dominate...

Several invasive alien snails are considered a threat to agriculture and horticulture. The development of rapid methods for reliable prediction their impacts on crops is major challenge in agricultural science invasion biology. use comparative functional response tests could give insight the potential impact herbivorous natural vegetation. It has been hypothesised that superior competitors reso...

Abstract Host behaviour can be influenced by parasitic risk and infection through a variety of direct indirect mechanisms. We expect individuals expressing different phenotypes to also differ in the ways their is altered parasites. used land snail Cepaea nemoralis , species with various shell colour morphs differing physiology, as model study link between parasite response individual variation....